Example:

$ ./python
Python 3.2a3+ (py3k, Oct 15 2010, 14:31:59) 
>>> compile('', 'abc\uDC80', 'exec')
...
UnicodeEncodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\udc80' in position 3: surrogates not allowed

Attached patch encodes manually the filename to utf-8 with surrogateescape.

I found this problem while testing Python with an ASCII locale encoding (LANG=C ./python Lib/test/regrtest.py). Example:

  $ LANG=C ./python -m base64 -e setup.py 
  ...
  UnicodeEncodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't encode character '\udcc3' ...