Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wertō
(Redirected from Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/worssos)
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *wértetor, from *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).[1]
Verb
[edit]*wertō first-singular present indicative
- to turn
Inflection
[edit]| Inflection of *wertō (third conjugation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | *wertō | ||
| Perfect | *(we)wortai | ||
| Aorist | — | ||
| Past participle | *worssos | ||
| Present indicative | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | *wertō | *wertōr | |
| 2nd sing. | *wertes | *werteso | |
| 3rd sing. | *wertet | *wertetor | |
| 1st plur. | *wertomos | *wertomor | |
| 2nd plur. | *wertetes | *wertemanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *wertont | *wertontor | |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | *wertēs | *wertēso? | |
| 3rd sing. | *wertēd | *wertētor | |
| 1st plur. | *wertēmos? | *wertēmor | |
| 2nd plur. | *wertētes | *wertēmanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *wertēnt? | *wertēntor | |
| Present optative | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | *wertām | *wertār | |
| 2nd sing. | *wertās | *wertāso | |
| 3rd sing. | *wertād | *wertātor | |
| 1st plur. | *wertāmos | *wertāmor | |
| 2nd plur. | *wertātes | *wertāmanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *wertānd | *wertāntor | |
| Perfect indicative | Active | ||
| 1st sing. | *(we)wortai | ||
| 2nd sing. | *(we)wortistai? | ||
| 3rd sing. | *(we)wortei | ||
| 1st plur. | *(we)wortme? | ||
| 2nd plur. | *(we)worte | ||
| 3rd plur. | *(we)wortēri | ||
| Aorist indicative | Active | ||
| 1st sing. | — | ||
| 2nd sing. | — | ||
| 3rd sing. | — | ||
| 1st plur. | — | ||
| 2nd plur. | — | ||
| 3rd plur. | — | ||
| Present imperative | Active | Passive | |
| 2nd sing. | *werte | *werteso | |
| 2nd plur. | *wertete | — | |
| Future imperative | Active | ||
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *wertetōd | ||
| Participles | Present | Past | |
| *wertents | *worssos | ||
| Verbal nouns | Supine | ||
| Accusative | Ablative/Dative | ||
| *worssum | *worssūd? /
*worssou? |
||
| s-derivative | |||
| *wertesi | |||
| The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future. | |||
Reconstruction notes
[edit]The Latin perfect form vortī may constitute a dereduplicated form of earlier Proto-Italic *(we)wortai, itself probably from Proto-Indo-European *wewr̥tḗr.[2]
Derived terms
[edit]- *kom-wertō
- *werssōr (*-tōr agent noun)
- Oscan: ϝερσορει (wersorei, dat. sg.)
- *trānsworssos
Descendants
[edit]- Latin: vertō (see there for further descendants)
- Umbrian: 𐌅𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌔 (vurtus, 3sg. fut. perf.)
- ⇒ Venetic: *fugi/o-worssos or *fugi/o-worti-o-
- →? Latin: Buquorsa
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ve/ortō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 666-7
- ^ Leppänen, Ville (2019), Ablaut and the Latin Verb: Aspects of Morphophonological Change (PhD Dissertation)[1], Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, , page 45