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Ubushobozi bwo kwifata mu mutwe (autism)

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Autisme
Umwana utondeka ibintu
Gutondeka cyangwa kurondora ibintu kenshi bikunze kugaragara ku bantu bafite autisme.
Ishami ry'ubuvuziIndwara zo mu mutwe
IbimenyetsoIngorane mu kubana n'abandi no mu itumanaho, imyitwarire isubirwamo
Igihe isanzwe itangiraMu bwana
Igihe imaraUbuzima bwose
ImpamvuIbikomoka ku babyeyi n'ibidukikije
Uburyo bwo kuyisuzumaImyitwarire n'amateka y'imikurire
UbuvuziUbuvuzi bw'imyitwarire n'ubwo kuvuga
InshuroAbantu miliyoni 61.8 (2021)

Autisme (mu Cyongereza: autism) ni imiterere ijyanye n'imikurire y'ubwonko. Umuntu ufite autisme agira ingorane mu kubana n'abandi no mu itumanaho. Akunda kandi gusubiramo ibikorwa bimwe. Ibimenyetso bigaragara mu bwana. Ariko kenshi autisme isuzumwa itinze.

Autisme iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibikomoka ku babyeyi n'ibidukikije. Inkingo ntizitera autisme. Nta muti ukiza autisme. Ariko ubuvuzi butangiye kare bufasha abana kuvugana n'abandi no kubana na bo. Mu 2021, ku isi hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 61.8 bafite autisme.

Ibimenyetso

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Umuntu ufite autisme agira ingorane mu kubana n'abandi.[1] Agira kandi ingorane mu itumanaho.[1] Akunda gusubiramo ibikorwa bimwe, kandi agira ibyo akunda bike.[1] Bamwe bagira ingorane zo kuva ku gikorwa kimwe bajya ku kindi.[2] Abandi bitwara mu buryo budasanzwe ku byo bumva, babona cyangwa bakoraho.[2]

Ababyeyi bakunze kubona ibimenyetso mu myaka itatu ya mbere y'ubuzima bw'umwana.[3] Ku bana bamwe, ibimenyetso biza buhoro buhoro.[4] Abandi bana babanza gukura neza. Nyuma bagatakaza ubumenyi bwo kuvuga no kubana n'abandi.[4] Kenshi autisme isuzumwa itinze.[2]

Ubushobozi bw'abantu bafite autisme buratandukanye.[2] Bamwe babaho bigenga. Abandi bakenera ubufasha ubuzima bwabo bwose.[2] Abantu bafite autisme bakunze kugira n'izindi ndwara. Muri zo harimo igicuri, agahinda gakabije, impungenge zikabije na ADHD.[2]

Impamvu

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Autisme ifitanye isano n'uruvange rw'ibikomoka ku babyeyi n'ibidukikije.[5][2] Ibintu bimwe byongera ibyago. Muri byo harimo imyaka myinshi y'ababyeyi na diyabete y'umubyeyi utwite.[2] Harimo kandi ihumana ry'ikirere mu gihe cyo gutwita.[2] Kuvuka imburagihe n'ibiro bike umwana avukana na byo byongera ibyago.[2] Imiti imwe ivura igicuri, nka valproate, yongera ibyago iyo umubyeyi ayifashe atwite.[2]

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekanye ko urukingo rwa MMR rudatera autisme. Uru rukingo rurinda iseru n'izindi ndwara ebyiri.[2][6] Ubushakashatsi bwavugaga ko urwo rukingo rutera autisme bwari ubw'uburiganya. Ikinyamakuru cyabusohoye cyarabukuyeho.[2] Izindi nkingo z'abana na zo ntizitera autisme.[2]

Autisme igira ingaruka ku buryo ubwonko butunganya amakuru. Uburyo ibi bibaho ntiburasobanuka neza.[7]

Isuzuma

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Isuzuma rishingira ku myitwarire y'umuntu n'amateka y'imikurire ye.[1] Mu 2013, igitabo DSM-5 cyahurije hamwe autisme, syndrome ya Asperger na PDD-NOS. Ubu byose byitwa autism spectrum disorder (ASD).[1] Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rirasaba gukurikirana imikurire y'abana mu ubuvuzi busanzwe.[2]

Ubuvuzi

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Nta muti ukiza autisme.[8] Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire n'ubwo kuvuga bufasha abana, cyane cyane iyo butangiye kare.[8][9] Bubafasha kwiyitaho, kubana n'abandi no kuvugana n'abandi.[8] Imiti imwe ikoreshwa ku bimenyetso biherekeza autisme.[10] Ubuvuzi bugomba gufatanya n'uburezi, akazi n'imibereho myiza.[2]

Abantu bafite autisme bakunze guhezwa no kuvangurwa.[2] Bamwe bashaka uburyo bwo kuvura autisme. Abandi babona autisme nk'itandukaniro rigomba kwemerwa, aho kuba indwara yo gukiza.[11]

Umubare w'abantu bafite autisme

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Mu 2021, ku isi hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 61.8 bafite autisme. Ni ukuvuga umuntu umwe ku bantu 127.[12] Autisme igaragara ku bahungu n'abagabo inshuro zigera kuri ebyiri kurusha ku bakobwa n'abagore.[12] Mu bihugu byinshi bikennye, umubare w'abantu bafite autisme ntuzwi.[2]

Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, umwana umwe ku bana 31 bafite imyaka 8 yari afite autisme mu 2022.[13] Mu 2000, yari umwana umwe ku bana 150.[13] Iyi mibare iratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo autisme isuzumwa.[13]

Inyandiko

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0)". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (in Icyongereza). American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 50–59.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Autism". World Health Organization (in Icyongereza). 2025-09-17. Retrieved 2026-11-02.
  3. ↑ Landa RJ (2008). "Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life". Nat Clin Pract Neurol (in Icyongereza). 4 (3): 138–147. doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0731. PMID 18253102.
  4. 1 2 Stefanatos GA (2008). "Regression in autistic spectrum disorders". Neuropsychol Rev (in Icyongereza). 18 (4): 305–319. doi:10.1007/s11065-008-9073-y. PMID 18956241.
  5. ↑ Chaste P, Leboyer M (2012). "Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (in Icyongereza). 14 (3): 281–292. PMC 3513682. PMID 23226953.
  6. ↑ Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD (2014). "Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies". Vaccine (in Icyongereza). 32 (29): 3623–3629. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.085.
  7. ↑ Levy SE, Mandell DS, Schultz RT (2009). "Autism". Lancet (in Icyongereza). 374 (9701): 1627–1638. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61376-3. PMC 2863325. PMID 19819542.
  8. 1 2 3 Myers SM, Johnson CP (2007-11-01). "Management of children with autism spectrum disorders". Pediatrics (in Icyongereza). 120 (5): 1162–1182. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-2362. PMID 17967921.
  9. ↑ Sanchack KE, Thomas CA (2016). "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Primary Care Principles". American Family Physician (in Icyongereza). 94 (12): 972–979. PMID 28075089.
  10. ↑ Ji N, Findling RL (2015). "An update on pharmacotherapy for autism spectrum disorder in children and adolescents". Current Opinion in Psychiatry (in Icyongereza). 28 (2): 91–101. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000132. PMID 25602248.
  11. ↑ Silverman C (2008). "Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum". BioSocieties (in Icyongereza). 3 (3): 325–341. doi:10.1017/S1745855208006236.
  12. 1 2 GBD 2021 Autism Spectrum Collaborators (2025). "The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021". The Lancet Psychiatry (in Icyongereza). 12 (2): 111–121. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(24)00363-8. PMID 39709974.
  13. 1 2 3 Shaw, Kelly A.; et al. (2025). "Prevalence and Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 and 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 16 Sites, United States, 2022". MMWR Surveillance Summaries (in Icyongereza). 74 (2): 1–22. doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss7402a1.

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