Homo neanderthalensis
(Elekezwa kutoka Neanderthal)
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 Sanamu ya mwanamume katika makumbusho | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Homo neanderthalensis alikuwa kiumbehai wa jamii ya binadamu (Hominidae). Pengine spishi hii inachukuliwa kama nususpishi (kwa jina la Homo sapiens neanderthalensis). Utafiti wa DNA umeonyesha walifanana na binadamu wa leo kwa asilimia 99.7. Wote wawili wana chembeuzi 46, tofauti na sokwe ambao wanazo 48.
Walienea katika Mashariki ya Kati, Ulaya Magharibi na kusini hadi Asia ya Kati.
Kabla hawajatoweka miaka 40,000 iliyopita, waliweza kuzaliana na Homo sapiens[1] baada ya huyo kutoka nje ya Afrika na hivi kurithisha sehemu ya jeni zao[2] kwa binadamu wote wa leo, hasa wasio wa Kusini kwa Sahara[3].
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Tanbihi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- ↑ Daniel Harris; Alexander Platt; Matthew E.B. Hansen; Shaohua Fan; Michael A. McQuillan; Thomas Nyambo; Sununguko Wata Mpoloka; Gaonyadiwe George Mokone; Gurja Belay; Charles Fokunang; Alfred K. Njamnshi; Sarah A. Tishkoff (2023). "Diverse African genomes reveal selection on ancient modern human introgressions in Neanderthals". Current Biology. 33 (22): 4905–4916.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.066. ISSN 0960-9822. PMC 10841429. PMID 37837965.
- ↑ Vernot, B.; Akey, J. M. (2014). "Resurrecting surviving Neandertal lineages from modern human genomes". Science. 343 (6174): 1017–1021. Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1017V. doi:10.1126/science.1245938. PMID 24476670. S2CID 23003860.
- ↑ Chen, L.; Wolf, A. B.; Fu, W.; Akey, J. M. (2020). "Identifying and Interpreting Apparent Neanderthal Ancestry in African Individuals". Cell. 180 (4): 677–687.e16. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.012. PMC 12805117. PMID 32004458. S2CID 210955842.
Vyanzo
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Broodbank, Cyprian (2013). The Making of the Middle Sea: A History of the Mediterranean from the Beginning to the Emergence of the Classical World. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-29208-2.
- Brown, K.; Fa, D. A.; Finlayson, G.; Finlayson, C. (2011). "Small game and marine resource exploitation by Neanderthals: the evidence from Gibraltar". Trekking the shore: changing coastlines and the antiquity of coastal settlement. Interdisciplinary contributions to archaeology. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-8218-6.
- Finlayson, C. (2019). The smart Neanderthal: bird catching, cave art, and the cognitive revolution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-251812-5.
- French, Jennifer (2021). Palaeolithic Europe: A Demographic and Social Prehistory. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-49206-5.
- Papagianni, D.; Morse, M. A. (2013). "Still with us?". Neanderthals rediscovered: how modern science is rewriting their story. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-77311-6.
- Reich, D. (2018). "Encounters with Neanderthals". Who we are and how we got here: ancient DNA and the new science of the human past. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-882125-0.
- Shipman, P. (2015). "How humans and their dogs drove Neanderthals to extinction". The invaders: how humans and their dogs drove Neanderthals to extinction. Harvard University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctvjf9zbs. ISBN 978-0-674-42538-5. JSTOR j.ctvjf9zbs.
- Tattersall, I. (2015). "Neanderthals, DNA, and creativity". The strange case of the Rickety Cossack: and other cautionary tales from human evolution. St. Martin's Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4668-7943-0.
Marejeo mengine
[hariri | hariri chanzo]- Hunt, Chris; na wenz. (Agosti 28, 2023). "Shanidar et ses fleurs? Reflections on the palynology of the Neanderthal 'Flower Burial' hypothesis". Journal of Archaeological Science. 159 105822. Bibcode:2023JArSc.159j5822H. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2023.105822. S2CID 261325698.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Pettitt, Paul; White, Mark (2012). The British Palaeolithic: hominin societies at the edge of the Pleistocene world. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-67454-6.
- Romagnoli, Francesca; Rivals, Florent; Benazzi, Stefano (2022). Updating Neanderthals: Understanding Behavioural Complexity in the Late Middle Palaeolithic (kwa Kiingereza). Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-821429-9.
- Stringer, C.; Gamble, C. (1993). In search of the Neanderthals. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05070-8.
- Sykes, Rebecca Wragg (2020). Kindred: Neanderthal Life, Love, Death and Art. London: Bloomsbury Sigma. ISBN 978-1-4729-3749-0.
Viungo vya nje
[hariri | hariri chanzo]
Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:
- "Homo neanderthalensis". The Smithsonian Institution. Februari 14, 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).
- "Neanderthal DNA". International Society of Genetic Genealogy. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo mnamo Juni 17, 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link): Includes Neanderthal mtDNA sequences - GenBank records for H. s. neanderthalensis maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
- Alex, Bridget (Februari 21, 2024). "What's Behind the Evolution of Neanderthal Portraits". SAPIENS.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - The Climate Chronicles, explores the impact of Pleistocene climate change on Neanderthals and other hominins.
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Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya biolojia bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Homo neanderthalensis kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |