Instead of promoting liberal-bourgeois values, it allowed itself to become
feudalized; instead of showing a healthy distrust of state authority, it looked to the state for approval and support; instead of taking an active role in politics, it was apolitical and abandoned its leadership role to the bureaucracy and pre-modern elites.
Advisory Groups as Counter Publics or Feudalized Publics
In the end, one might argue that PAGs represent a feudalized version of a public sphere.
Jonson has pastoralized the river and
feudalized the Wroth estate, in accord, that is, with James's claim to be the lord of all the land of England.
If public regulation can keep the Net from being
feudalized by private commercial interests, the Net can remain a treasure trove of public information as well as an avenue of marketing.
The economy was becoming increasingly "
feudalized."
Rather, the public sphere has become so
feudalized that it's not worth a citizen's time to participate.
In this characterization of the nineteenth-century German experience, emergent bourgeois elites, especially prominent business leaders, are seen as allowing themselves - in spite of their growing wealth and indispensability - to be coopted and
feudalized. Since the early 1980s, this interpretation has been subjected to vigorous attacks, including particularly outspoken criticism by Geoff Eley.
This globalization has resulted in a new "
feudalized" market structure, which has a ripple effect throughout the economy (Brenner & Brenner-Golomb, 1996).
In this chapter she argues for the existence of fundamental differences between the nobilities of the North and of the Midi, differences which developed in the Middle Ages as the North became
feudalized and its nobles essentially rural dwellers, while the Midi remained much more tied to its Roman traditions and much less feudal with its nobles remaining much more urban dwellers.
The pair of terms "civil" and "nationalist" does not correspond to the essential meaning of the historical process in which we are overtaken by a sub-national political culture, a
feudalized landscape in which neither citizens nor nationalists "can" appear.
Blackbourn and Eley's left critique of the Sonderweg thesis found a conservative counterpart in the work of Thomas Nipperdey, who questioned Wehler's portrayal of the German middle classes as weak and
feudalized but also stressed the Kaiserreich's potential for democratic and liberal reform.
