Thomas Sankara

Thomas Sankara
Murya
5. Shugaban ƙasar Burkina Faso 4 ga Augusta, 1983 - 15 Oktoba 1987 ← Saye Zerbo (mul) - Blaise Compaoré → 5. Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (en) 10 ga Janairu, 1983 - 17 Mayu 1983 ← Saye Zerbo (mul) - Youssouf Ouédraogo (mul) → president (en)
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara
Haihuwa	Yako (en) , 21 Disamba 1949
ƙasa	Republic of Upper Volta (en) Burkina Faso
Mutuwa	Ouagadougou, 15 Oktoba 1987
Makwanci	Ouagadougou
Yanayin mutuwa	(gunshot wound (en) )
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Mariam Sankara (en)  1987)
Ahali	Odile Sankara
Karatu
Makaranta	Prytanée militaire de Kadiogo (en)
Harsuna	Faransanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa, hafsa, statesperson (en) , Soja da minista
Muhimman ayyuka	Une Seule Nuit (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Order of José Martí  (1984)
Kayan kida	Jita
Aikin soja
Fannin soja	Army of Burkina Faso (en)
Digiri	captain (en)
Ya faɗaci	Agacher Strip War (en)
Imani
Addini	Katolika
IMDb	nm5174887
thomassankara.net

Shugaban juyin mulki ƙasar Burkina faso thomas sankara

Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara An haifi Thomas Isidore Noel Sankara a ranar (22 )ga watan Disamban shekarar ta (1949) zuwa (15 ) ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta (1987). Shine shugaban juyin-juya hali na ƙasar Burkina Faso, daga shekarar ta (1983) zuwa shekara ta (1987). Babban ɗan kishin Afrika ne, sannan kuma masoyansa na kallon sa a matsayin wata alama ta juyin-juya-hali.

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 33, Sankara ya zama Shugaban Jamhuriyar Upper Volta kuma ya kaddamar da jerin gyare-gyare na zamantakewa,muhalli, da tattalin arziki da ba a taba ganin irinsu ba wanda ya kasance wani bangare na abin da ya kira juyin juya halin dimokuradiyyar jama'a. A shekarar 1984, Sankara ya jagoranci sauya sunan ƙasar zuwa Burkina Faso ('ƙasar mutanen kirki'),kuma ya rubuta taken ƙasa da kansa Manufofinsa na waje sun ta'allaka ne akan adawa da mulkin mallaka, kuma ya ƙi karɓar rance da jari daga ƙungiyoyi irin su Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya.Duk da haka, ya karɓi wasu tallafin ƙasashen waje a ƙoƙarin sa inganta tattalin arzikin cikin gida, bambanta hanyoyin taimako da kuma sanya Burkina Faso ta dogara da kanta. Manufar cikin gida ta haɗa da hana yunwa, faɗaɗa aikin gona,gyaran ƙasa, da dakatar da harajin zaɓen karkara, Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na Sankara sun rarraba miliyoyin allurai na rigakafi ga yara a fadin Burkina Faso. Gwamnatinsa kuma ta mai da hankali kan gina makarantu,cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya,wuraren ajiye ruwa, da ayyukan gina ababen more rayuwa. Ya yi yaƙi da hamadar Sahel ta hanyar dasa fiye da miliyan 10 na bishiyoyi. A zamantakewa, gwamnatinsa ta tilasta haramta kaciya ga mata, auren dole da kuma auren mata fiye da daya.

Sankara ya karfafa hoton sa na jama'a inda ya bayar da umarnin sayar da manyan motoci, da kadarori na gwamnati domin rage tsadar kayayyaki.Bugu da kari, ya haramta abin da ya yi la'akari da kayan alatu na kwandishan a ofisoshin gwamnati, da gidajen ƴan siyasa Ya kafa kwamitoci masu kwazo don Kare juyin juya hali don yin aiki a matsayin sabon tushe na al'umma. Sakon gwamnati An nada Sankara ministan yada labarai a gwamnatin soja ta Saye Zerbo a watan Satumbar 1981. Sankara ya banbanta kansa da sauran jami’an gwamnati ta hanyoyi da dama kamar hawan keke zuwa aiki yau da kullum,maimakon tukin mota. Yayin da magabatansa za su yi ta cece-kuce ga 'yan jarida da jaridu.

Sankara ya karfafa aikin jarida na bincike kuma ya ba wa kafafen yada labarai damar buga duk abin da suka samu Wannan ya sa jaridu na masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati suka buga badakalar gwamnati[ Ya yi murabus a ranar 12 ga Afrilu 1982 don adawa da abin da yake gani a matsayin gwamnati na yaki da ƙwadago, yana mai shelanta 'Bala'i ga waɗanda ke damfarar jama'a!' (Malheur à ceux qui bâillonnent le peuple!)

A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1987, an kashe Sankara ta hanyar sojoji da Blaise Compaoré ya jagoranta, wanda ya karɓi jagorancin kasar ba da daɗewa ba. Compaoré ya riƙe mulki har zuwa tashin hankali na Burkina Faso a shekarar 2014. A shekarar 2021, an tuhume shi a gaban kotun soja da laifin kisan Sankara kuma an same shi da laifi.

Aikin Soja

da kuma yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasa da ƙasa da shirin rigakafin cututtuka don rage meningitis, zazzabin cizon sauro da sankarau Bayan horon aikin soji a makarantar Sakandire a shekarar (1966), Sankara ya fara aikin soja yana ɗan shekara 19. Bayan shekara ɗaya an tura shi zuwa Madagascar don horon hafsin soja Antsirabe. Sankara ya karfafa hoton sa na jama'a inda ya bayar da umarnin sayar da manyan motoci da kadarori na gwamnati domin rage tsadar kayayyaki.

Aikin Gwamnati

An nada Sankara a matsayin Ministan Labarai a gwamnatin mulkin soja ta Saye Zerbo a watan Satumbar 1981. Sankara ya bambanta kansa da sauran jami'an gwamnati ta hanyoyi da dama, kamar hawa keke zuwa aiki kowace rana, maimakon tuki a mota. Yayin da magabatansa za su yi takura wa 'yan jarida da jaridu, Sankara ya ƙarfafa aikin jarida na bincike kuma ya bar kafofin watsa labarai su buga duk abin da suka samu. Wannan ya haifar da wallafe-wallafen badakalar gwamnati daga jaridun gwamnati na masu zaman kansu da na gwamnati. Ya yi murabus a ranar 12 ga Afrilun 1982 don adawa da abin da ya gani a matsayin gwamnatin da ke adawa da aiki, yana mai ayyana 'Masifa ga waɗanda ke yi wa mutane ba'a!'

Bayan wani juyin mulki (7 ga Nuwamba 1982) ya kawo Manjo-Doctor Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo kan mulki, Sankara ya zama Firayim Minista a watan Janairun 1983. Amma an kore shi daga aiki bayan 'yan watanni, a ranar 17 ga Mayu. A cikin waɗannan watanni huɗu, Sankara ya tura gwamnatin Ouédraogo don yin gyare-gyare masu ci gaba. An kama Sankara bayan da mai ba shugaban Faransa shawara kan harkokin Afirka, Guy Penne [fr], ya gana da Kanar Yorian Somé. Henri Zongo da Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani suma an tsare su. Shawarar kama Sankara ta kasance ba ta yi wa matasa jami'ai a gwamnatin soja dadi ba. Ɗaurin da aka yi masa ya haifar da isasshen kuzari ga abokinsa Blaise Compaoré don ya jagoranci wani juyin mulki.

Shugabancin ƙasa

Juyin mulkin da Blaise Compaoré ya shirya ya sanya Sankara ya zama Shugaban ƙasa a ranar 4 ga Agusta 1983 yana da shekaru 33. Libya ta goyi bayan juyin mulkin, wanda a lokacin yake gab da yaƙi da Faransa a Chadi (duba tarihin Chadi).

An gano Sankara a matsayin mai juyin juya hali kuma ya sami kwarin gwiwa daga misalan Fidel Castro na Cuba da Che Guevara, da kuma shugaban sojojin Ghana Jerry Rawlings. A matsayinsa na Shugaban kasa, ya tallata 'Democratic and Popular Revolution' (Révolution démocratique et populaire, ko RDP). Sankara ya ayyana akidar juyin juya hali a matsayin mai adawa da mulkin mallaka a cikin wani jawabi a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 1983, Discours d'orientation politique (DOP), wanda abokin aikinsa Valère Somé ya rubuta. Manufarsa ta mayar da hankali ne kan yaki da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma inganta sake dasa bishiyoyi.

A ranar 4 ga Agusta 1984, ranar cika shekaru daya da hawa karagar mulki, ya sake wa kasar suna Burkina Faso, ma'ana 'kasar mutanen kirki' a Mooré da Dyula, manyan harsuna biyu na kasar. Ya kuma ba ta sabuwar tuta, sabuwar alama, sannan ya rubuta sabuwar wakar kasa (Ditanyè).

Majalisar Juyin Juya Hali Lokacin da

Lokacin da Sankara ya hau mulki a ranar 4 ga Agusta, ya naɗa shugabancin ƙasar a Majalisar Juyin Juya Hali (CNR). Wannan wata hanya ce da Sankara zai nuna cewa zai yi ƙoƙarin kawo sauyi a siyasa da zamantakewa. CNR ta ƙunshi fararen hula da sojoji, dukkansu talakawa ne. Amma ƙidayar membobin sirri ne saboda dalilai na tsaro kuma Sankara da sauran waɗanda ke cikin ƙungiyarsa ne kawai suka sani.

CNR ta saba haɗuwa don tattaunawa game da muhimman tsare-tsare da shawarwari ga ƙasar. Sun taimaka wajen ba da shawara da jagora ga ayyukan gwamnati. Sun kaɗa ƙuri'a kan shawarwari da shawarwari daga jami'an gwamnati; yanke shawara ta kasance ta gama gari. A wasu lokutan, sun yi watsi da shawarwarin da Sankara ya fifita da kansu.

Kiwon lafiya da ayyukan jama'a

Babban abin da Sankara ya fi bai wa fifiko bayan ya hau mulki shi ne ciyar da jama'arsa, samar da gidaje, da kuma samar da kulawar lafiya ga mutanensa wadanda ke matukar bukatar hakan. Ya kaddamar da wani shirin allurar riga-kafi mai yawa da nufin kawar da cutar shan inna, sankarau, da kyanda. Daga shekarar 1983 zuwa 1985, an yi wa 'yan Burkinabe miliyan biyu allurar riga-kafi, wanda hakan ya inganta sakamakon lafiyar jama'a sosai.

Kafin shugabancin Sankara, adadin mace-macen jarirai a Burkina Faso ya kai kusan kashi 20.8% a lokacin da yake kan mulki, ya ragu zuwa kashi 14.5%. Gwamnatinsa ita ce kuma gwamnatin Afirka ta farko da ta amince da annobar cutar AIDS a bainar jama'a a matsayin babbar barazana ga Afirka.

Baya ga kiwon lafiya, Sankara ya mayar da hankali kan manyan ayyukan gidaje da kayayyakin more rayuwa. Ya kafa masana'antun tubali don taimakawa wajen gina gidaje da rage cunkoson gidaje a birane. Wannan shiri ya samar da gidaje masu araha kuma ya samar da ayyukan yi, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankali a tattalin arziki.

Don yaki da sare dazuzzuka, Sankara ya fara "The People's Girbi of Forest Residents," yana samar da wuraren kiwon dabbobi na kauyuka 7,000 da kuma shirya dasa bishiyoyi miliyan da dama. Wannan kokarin sake dasa dazuzzuka ba wai kawai yana da nufin dawo da muhalli ba ne, har ma da samar da ayyukan noma masu dorewa. Gwamnatinsa ta hada dukkan yankunan kasar ta hanyar wani babban shirin gina hanya da layin dogo. Mutanen Burkinabe sun shimfida layin dogo sama da kilomita 700 (mil 430) wanda ya taimaka wajen hako manganese a 'The Battle of the Railways', ba tare da wani taimakon kasashen waje ko kudi daga waje ba. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun nuna imaninsa cewa ƙasashen Afirka za su iya samun wadata ba tare da taimakon ƙasashen waje ba.

Sankara ya kuma ba da fifiko ga ilimi don yaƙar yawan jahilci da ke addabar ƙasar da kashi 90%. Gwamnatinsa ta aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ilimi masu nasara, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a fannin karatu da rubutu. Bayan kisan gillarsa, yajin aikin malamai da kuma rashin son yin shawarwari na sabuwar gwamnati ya haifar da ƙirƙirar 'Malaman Juyin Juya Hali.' A shekarar 1986, an kori kusan malamai 2,500 saboda yajin aikin, wanda ya sa gwamnati ta gayyaci duk wanda ke da digirin jami'a don koyarwa ta hanyar shirin malamai na juyin juya hali. Masu aikin sa kai sun sami horo na kwanaki 10 kafin su fara koyarwa.

Cinikayya/kasuwanci

Dangane da manufofin kasuwanci, Sankara ya fifita autarky, inda ya hana shigo da kayayyaki da dama zuwa Burkina Faso da kuma ƙarfafa masana'antar da za a maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje. Misali ɗaya na wannan shine auduga, inda aka fara amfani da masaku da ake samarwa a cikin gida kawai. Ya kuma ɗauki wannan hanyar dangane da amfanin gonakin abinci, yana gargaɗin Burkinabes da su ci abincin da aka noma a cikin gida maimakon shinkafa da hatsi da aka shigo da su daga Turai.

Noma

A shekarun 1980, sama da kashi 90% na al'ummar ƙasar har yanzu manoma ne masu noma. Kasa da kashi shida cikin ɗari na filayen da za a iya ban ruwa suna samun ban ruwa, yayin da sauran suka dogara da ruwan sama, wanda ba shi da tabbas kuma bai isa ba. Kashi 10% na al'ummar ƙasar ne kawai ke da dabbobin da za a yi noma, yayin da sauran suka dogara da amfani da ƙananan ramuka don yin noma. Makiyaya kaɗan ne ke da damar samun abinci; dole ne su yi yawo a karkara don neman wuraren kiwo da wuraren shayarwa. Saboda haka, yunwa ta ci gaba da yaɗuwa. A cikin shekarun fari, al'ummar karkara na fuskantar barazanar yunwa.

A cikin shirin shekaru biyar na Sankara, an ware kusan kashi 71% na jarin da aka yi hasashen za a zuba a fannoni masu amfani ga noma, dabbobi, kamun kifi, namun daji da dazuzzuka. A cikin shekaru uku, an yi ban ruwa da kashi 25% saboda ayyukan sa kai. A kwarin Sourou, an gina madatsar ruwa cikin 'yan watanni, kusan gaba daya ta hanyar masu aikin sa kai. Amfani da takin zamani ya karu da kashi 56%. An sayi kuma an shigo da daruruwan taraktoci don manyan ayyukan hadin gwiwa.

An gina daruruwan bankunan hatsi na kauyuka ta hanyar ma'aikata na gama gari da CDRs suka shirya don taimakawa manoma su adana da tallata amfanin gonakinsu. A baya, manoma ba su da hanyar adana hatsi da suka wuce kima kuma dole ne su sayar da su ga 'yan kasuwa na gida, wadanda za su sayar da amfanin gona iri daya zuwa kauyen daya kan ninki biyu na kudin.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1984, an mayar da dukkan filaye mallakar ƙasa. A da, sarakunan yankin sun yanke shawarar wanda zai iya noma. A wasu yankuna, mallakar filaye masu zaman kansu ya fara tasowa. Jimillar yawan amfanin gona ya karu da kashi 75% tsakanin 1983 da 1986. A cikin shekaru huɗu, masu sharhi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun ayyana noma a Burkini a matsayin wanda ya isa ya zama "wanda ya isa ya wadatar da kansa da abinci".

Muhalli

A shekarun 1980, lokacin da ilimin muhalli bai yi yawa ba, Thomas Sankara yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin da suka ɗauki kariyar muhalli a matsayin fifiko. Ya shiga manyan yaƙe-yaƙe guda uku: da gobarar daji, 'wanda za a ɗauke shi a matsayin laifuka kuma za a hukunta shi kamar haka'; da yawo da shanu, 'wanda ke tauye haƙƙin mutane saboda dabbobin da ba su da kulawa suna lalata yanayi'; da kuma yankan itace mai cike da rudani, 'wanda sana'arsa za ta kasance mai tsari da tsari'.

A wani ɓangare na shirin ci gaba da ya shafi yawancin al'umma, an dasa bishiyoyi miliyan goma a Burkina Faso cikin watanni goma sha biyar a lokacin juyin juya halin. Don fuskantar ci gaban hamada da fari mai maimaitawa, Thomas Sankara shi ma ya ba da shawarar dasa bishiyoyi masu tsayin kusan kilomita hamsin, suna ratsa ƙasar daga gabas zuwa yamma. Ya yi tunanin faɗaɗa wannan bel ɗin ciyayi zuwa wasu ƙasashe.

Tun daga watan Oktoba na 1984, cikin tsawon watanni goma sha biyar, gwamnatin Sankara ta dasa bishiyoyi miliyan goma a wani kamfen na sake dasa dazuzzuka. Sankara ya ce, "A cikin dazuzzukan Burkina ita ce kawai tushen makamashinmu. Dole ne mu riƙa tunatar da kowane mutum game da aikinsa na kula da kuma sake farfaɗo da yanayi".

Kotunan Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya sami iko, Sankara ya gina tsarin kotuna da aka sani da Popular Revolutionary Court. An ƙirƙiri kotunan ne da farko don a yi wa tsoffin jami'an gwamnati shari'a ta hanya madaidaiciya don talakawan Burkinabe su shiga ko su kula da shari'o'in maƙiyan juyin juya hali. Sun sanya waɗanda ake tuhuma a shari'a bisa laifin cin hanci da rashawa, kin biyan haraji, ko kuma ayyukan da suka shafi juyin juya hali. Hukunce-hukuncen tsoffin jami'an gwamnati ba su da sauƙi kuma galibi ana dakatar da su. Ana zargin kotunan ne kawai da nuna shari'o'i, waɗanda jama'a ke kula da su.

A cewar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, hanyoyin da ake bi a waɗannan shari'o'in, musamman kariyar shari'a ga waɗanda ake tuhuma, ba su dace da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa ba. Dole ne waɗanda ake tuhuma su tabbatar da cewa ba su da laifi daga laifukan da aka tuhume su da aikatawa kuma lauyoyi ba su ba su izinin wakiltar su ba. Da farko mutanen Burkinabe sun yaba wa kotunan amma daga ƙarshe an yi musu lakabi da cin hanci da rashawa da zalunci. An yi wa waɗanda ake kira 'ma'aikata marasa galihu' shari'a kuma an yanke musu hukuncin yin aiki kyauta, ko kuma a kore su daga ayyukansu kuma an nuna musu wariya. Wasu sun ƙirƙiri kotunansu don su daidaita maki da wulaƙanta maƙiyansu.

Kwamitocin Tsaron Juyin Juya Hali

An kafa Kwamitocin Tsaron Juyin Juya Hali (Comités de Défense de la Révolution ko CDRs) a matsayin ƙungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai. An ƙirƙiri CDRs a matsayin wani nau'i na mayar da martani ga ƙarfin sojoji da kuma haɓaka juyin juya hali na siyasa da zamantakewa. An ɗauko ra'ayin Kwamitin Tsaron Juyin Juya Hali daga shugaban Cuba Fidel Castro, wanda aka ƙirƙiri Kwamitocin Tsaron Juyin Juya Hali a matsayin wani nau'i na 'kallon juyin juya hali'.

Dangantaka da mutanen Mossi

Wani batu da ya jawo cece-kuce game da mulkin Sankara shine yadda ya tafiyar da ƙabilar Mossi. Mossi su ne ƙabila mafi girma a Burkina Faso, kuma suna bin tsarin zamantakewa mai tsauri, na gargajiya, da kuma na tsari. A saman tsarin mulki akwai Morho Naba, babban ko sarkin mutanen Mossi. Sankara ya ɗauki wannan tsari a matsayin cikas ga haɗin kan ƙasa, kuma ya ci gaba da rage manyan Mossi. Ba a ba Morho Naba izinin gudanar da kotu ba. An kwace wa sarakunan ƙauye ikon zartarwa, wanda aka bai wa CDR.

Haƙƙin Mata

Sankara ya yi aiki tukuru don kare haƙƙin mata kuma ya ayyana "Babu juyin juya hali na zamantakewa na gaske ba tare da 'yantar da mata ba".

Inganta matsayin mata a cikin al'ummar Burkinabe yana ɗaya daga cikin manufofin Sankara, kuma gwamnatinsa ta haɗa da adadi mai yawa na mata, wani fifiko na siyasa da ba a taɓa gani ba a Yammacin Afirka. Gwamnatinsa ta haramta yi wa mata kaciya, auren dole da kuma auren mata fiye da ɗaya, yayin da ta naɗa mata a manyan mukamai na gwamnati da kuma ƙarfafa su su yi aiki a waje da gida su zauna a makaranta ko da suna da juna biyu. Sankara ya ƙarfafa hana ɗaukar ciki kuma a shekarar 1986 an cire duk wani takunkumi kan hana ɗaukar ciki. Ya kuma kafa Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Iyali da Ƙungiyar Matan Burkina.

Sankara ya fahimci ƙalubalen da matan Afirka ke fuskanta lokacin da ya yi jawabi mai suna na bikin Ranar Mata ta Duniya a ranar 8 ga Maris 1987 a Ouagadougou. Sankara ya yi magana da dubban mata, yana mai cewa juyin juya halin Burkinabe yana 'kafa sabbin alaƙar zamantakewa', wanda zai 'dagula dangantakar iko tsakanin maza da mata tare da tilasta wa kowannensu ya sake tunani game da yanayin duka biyun. Wannan aiki yana da matuƙar wahala amma dole ne'. Baya ga kasancewa shugaban Afirka na farko da ya naɗa mata a manyan mukamai na majalisar ministoci, ya ɗauki su aiki tuƙuru don aikin soja.

Yaƙin Agacher Strip

Moussa Traoré

Bayan rikicin da ya faru a shekarar 1974 tsakanin Burkina Faso da Mali kan yankin Agacher Strip da ake takaddama a kai, Kungiyar Hadin Kan Afirka ta kafa kwamitin sulhu don warware takaddamar da kuma samar da wani yanki mai zaman kansa, wanda ba shi da bambanci a kan iyaka. Gwamnatocin biyu sun bayyana cewa ba za su yi amfani da karfin soja don kawo karshen rikicin ba.

Amma a shekarar 1983 kasashen biyu ba su yi jituwa ba game da aikin kwamitin. Sankara da kansa ya ƙi Shugaban Mali Moussa Traoré, wanda ya karɓi mulki ta hanyar sauke gwamnatin Modibo Keïta mai ra'ayin hagu. A ranar 17 ga Satumba, Sankara ya ziyarci Mali ya kuma gana da Traoré. Tare da shiga tsakani a Aljeriya, su biyun sun amince Kotun Duniya ta Shari'a (ICJ) ta warware takaddamar kan iyaka, sannan daga baya ta nemi hukumar da ta warware matsalar.

A watan Yulin shekarar 1985, Burkina Faso ta ayyana babban sakataren Mali na Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Yammacin Afirka, Drissa Keita, a matsayin wanda ba shi da wani tasiri bayan ya soki gwamnatin Sankara. A watan Satumba, Sankara ya gabatar da wani jawabi inda ya yi kira da a yi juyin juya hali a Mali. Shugabannin Mali sun fi damuwa da kalaman batanci, domin ƙasarsu tana fuskantar tashin hankali na zamantakewa. A lokaci guda, Sankara da sauran manyan mutane a CNR sun gamsu cewa Traoré yana da adawa da gwamnatin Burkinabe a Bamako kuma yana shirin tayar da yakin kan iyaka, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don tallafawa juyin juya hali na gaba.

Zaman dar-dar a kan iyakar ya fara ƙaruwa a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba lokacin da aka kashe wani ɗan ƙasar Burkinabe kusa da kan iyaka a Lardin Soum. 'Yan sandan Mali sun ketare iyaka don kama mai kisan gillar, sannan suka tsare wasu membobin Kwamitin Tsaron Juyin Juya Halin da ke yankin waɗanda ke shirya kotu. Bayan kwana uku, 'yan sandan Mali sun shiga Kounia don 'dawo da tsari'. Burkina Faso ta gabatar da wakilcin diflomasiyya kan abubuwan da suka faru a Mali, amma ba a ba su amsa a hukumance ba.

A farkon watan Disamba, Burkina Faso ta sanar da Mali da sauran ƙasashen da ke kewaye da ita cewa tana gudanar da ƙidayar jama'a ta ƙasa daga ranar 10 zuwa 20 ga Disamba. A ranar 14 ga Disamba, jami'an soji sun shiga Agacher don taimakawa wajen ƙidayar jama'a. Mali ta zargi hukumomin soji da matsa wa 'yan ƙasar Mali da ke ƙauyukan kan iyaka lamba su yi rijista da ƙidayar jama'a, zargin da Burkina Faso ta yi jayayya a kai. A yunƙurin rage tashin hankali, ANAD (ƙungiyar yarjejeniyar Afirka ta Yamma) ta aika da tawaga zuwa Bamako da Ouagadougou don shiga tsakani. Shugaban Aljeriya Chadli Bendjedid ya tuntuɓi Sankara da Traoré don ƙarfafa sulhu. Bisa buƙatar membobin ANAD, Burkina Faso ta sanar da janye dukkan ma'aikatan soji daga yankin da ake takaddama a kai.

Duk da sanarwar janyewar, an yi wani "yaƙin sanarwa" yayin da hukumomin Burkinabe da Mali ke musayar saƙonnin ƙiyayya. Ganin barazanar Sankara, Traoré ya fara shirya Mali don yaƙi da Burkina Faso. An kafa ƙungiyoyi uku kuma an shirya su mamaye Burkina Faso su haɗu a birnin Bobo-Dioulasso. Da zarar sun isa can, za su tattara sojojin 'yan adawa na Burkinabe don su kwace Ouagadougou su kuma hambarar da Sankara.

Tsohon mataimakin Sankara, Paul Michaud, ya rubuta cewa Sankara ya yi niyyar tayar da rikici a Mali da nufin tattara goyon bayan jama'a ga gwamnatinsa. A cewar Michaud, "wani jami'i - kuma amintacce - majiya daga Mali" ya ba da rahoton cewa an sami takardun tattara jama'a tun daga ranar 19 ga Disamba a kan gawarwakin sojojin Burkinabe da suka mutu a lokacin yakin da ya biyo baya.

Kokarin Sankara na bayar da shaidar sahihancin sa ya ragu da tsari. "Yana da wuya a yarda cewa hukumomin Mali ba su san cewa jita-jitar da ake yadawa ba gaskiya ne," in ji jakadan Amurka Leonardo Neher. Sabanin ikirarin Michaud, wata tashar talabijin ta CIA ta ce, "Yaƙin ya samo asali ne daga fatan Bamako na cewa rikicin zai haifar da juyin mulki a Burkina Faso."

Da wayewar gari a ranar 25 ga Disamba, 1985, kimanin tankunan yaƙi na Sojojin Mali 150 sun ratsa kan iyaka suka kai hari a wurare da dama. Sojojin Mali kuma sun yi ƙoƙarin rufe Bobo-Dioulasso a wani hari mai ƙarfi. Sojojin Burkina Faso sun yi ƙoƙarin dakile harin a gaban manyan ƙarfin bindiga na Mali kuma an mamaye su a yankin arewa; sojojin Mali sun yi sauri sun tsare garuruwan Dinouga, Selba, Kouna, da Douna a cikin Agacher. Gwamnatin Burkinabe da ke Ouagadougou ta sami labarin tashin hankali da misalin ƙarfe 13:00 na rana kuma nan da nan ta ba da umarnin tattara sojoji. An kuma sanya matakan tsaro daban-daban a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da hana shiga da fita da dare.

Sojojin Burkinabe sun sake taruwa a yankin Dinouga don mayar da martani. Kyaftin Compaoré ya jagoranci wannan fagen daga na yammacin duniya. A karkashin jagorancinsa, sojoji sun rabu gida-gida kuma suka yi amfani da dabarun 'yan daba kan tankunan yaƙi na Mali.

Bayan fara rikici, sauran shugabannin Afirka sun yi ƙoƙarin kafa yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta. A safiyar ranar 30 ga Disamba, Burkina Faso da Mali sun amince da yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da ANAD ta jagoranta. A lokacin, Mali ta mamaye mafi yawan yankin Agacher. An kashe sama da Burkinabe 100 da kuma kimanin sojoji da fararen hula na Mali 40 a lokacin yakin. Garuruwan Burkinabe na Ouahigouya, Djibo, da Nassambou sun lalace sosai sakamakon fadan.

A wani taron ANAD da aka gudanar a Yamoussoukro a ranar 17 ga Janairun 1987, Traoré da Sankara sun haɗu suka kuma amince da yarjejeniyar kawo ƙarshen yaƙi. Daga baya kotun ICJ ta raba Agacher; Mali ta sami yankin yamma mai yawan jama'a, yayin da Burkina Faso ta sami yankin gabas a Kogin Béli. Duk ƙasashen biyu sun nuna gamsuwarsu da hukuncin.

Burkina Faso ta bayyana cewa yaƙin wani ɓangare ne na 'makircin ƙasa da ƙasa' na rusa gwamnatin Sankara. Ta yi watsi da jita-jitar cewa an yi yaƙin ne saboda jita-jitar da ake yi cewa akwai ma'adanai a Agacher. Rashin aikin da ƙasar ta yi a rikicin ya lalata amincin CNR a cikin gida. Wasu sojojin Burkinabe sun fusata da gazawar Sankara na gurfanar da yaƙin da ƙarfi tare da haɗa kai da Mali don kai hari.

Rikicin ya kuma nuna raunin matsayin ƙasar a duniya, kuma ya tilasta wa CNR ta ƙirƙiri hoto mai matsakaicin ra'ayi game da manufofinta da manufofinta a ƙasashen waje. Bayan haka, gwamnatin Burkinabe ba ta yi wani bayani ba game da goyon bayan juyin juya hali a wasu ƙasashe, kuma dangantakarta da Faransa ta inganta kaɗan. A wani gangamin da aka gudanar bayan yaƙin, Sankara ya yarda cewa sojojin ƙasarsa ba su da isassun makamai, kuma ya sanar da rage hukuncin da aka yanke wa fursunonin siyasa da dama.

Dangantaka da wasu ƙasashe

Thomas Sankara ya bayyana shirinsa a matsayin mai adawa da mulkin mallaka. A wannan fanni, Faransa ta zama babbar maƙasudin kalaman juyin juya hali. Lokacin da Shugaba François Mitterrand ya ziyarci Burkina Faso a watan Nuwamba na 1986, Sankara ya soki Faransawa saboda sun tarbi P. W. Botha, Firayim Ministan Afirka ta Kudu, wanda har yanzu ke aiwatar da wariyar launin fata; da Jonas Savimbi, shugaban UNITA, a Faransa, yana mai kiran mutanen biyu a matsayin 'masu jini daga kai zuwa ƙafa'. A martanin da ya mayar, Faransa ta rage tallafin tattalin arziki da take bai wa Burkina Faso da kashi 80% tsakanin 1983 da 1985.

Guy Penne [fr], mai ba wa Shugaba Mitterrand shawara kan harkokin Afirka, ya shirya wani kamfen na kafofin watsa labarai a Faransa don cin mutuncin Thomas Sankara tare da haɗin gwiwar DGSE. Ta bai wa manema labarai jerin takardu kan munanan ayyukan da ake zargin an yi niyya don ciyar da labarai a kansa.

Sankara ya kafa wani shiri na haɗin gwiwa da Cuba. Bayan ganawa da Fidel Castro, Sankara ya shirya aika matasan Burkinabes zuwa Cuba a watan Satumba na 1986 don samun horo na ƙwararru da kuma shiga cikin ci gaban ƙasar bayan sun dawo. Waɗannan masu aikin sa kai ne da aka ɗauka bisa ga gasa; an ba da fifiko ga marayu da matasa daga yankunan karkara da marasa galihu. An kai kimanin matasa 600 zuwa Cuba don kammala karatunsu da kuma samun horo na ƙwararru don zama likitoci (musamman likitocin mata), injiniyoyi, ko masana aikin gona.

Da yake Allah wadai da goyon bayan da Amurka ke bai wa Isra'ila da Afirka ta Kudu, ya yi kira ga ƙasashen Afirka da su kauracewa gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1984 da aka yi a Los Angeles. A taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya yi Allah wadai da mamayar da Amurka ta yi wa Grenada. Amurka ta mayar da martani ta hanyar aiwatar da takunkumin ciniki kan Burkina Faso. Haka kuma a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Sankara ya yi kira da a kawo karshen ikon veto da aka bai wa manyan ƙasashe. Da sunan 'yancin al'umma na mallakar ƙasa', ya goyi bayan buƙatun ƙasa na Yammacin Sahara, Falasɗinu, Sandinistas na Nicaragua, da ANC na Afirka ta Kudu.

Duk da cewa yana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da shugaban Ghana Jerry Rawlings da shugaban Libya Muammar Gaddafi, Sankara ya keɓe kansa a Yammacin Afirka. Shugabannin da ke kusa da Faransa, kamar Félix Houphouët-Boigny a Ivory Coast da Hassan II a Morocco, sun kasance masu adawa da shi musamman.

Suka

Kungiyar ci gaban Burtaniya Oxfam ta rubuta kama shugabannin kungiyoyin kwadago a shekarar 1987. A shekarar 1984, an tuhumi mutane bakwai da ke da alaƙa da tsarin da ya gabata a Burkina Faso da cin amanar ƙasa kuma aka kashe su bayan an yi musu shari'a ta ƙarshe. An ci zarafin ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko kuma an sanya su ƙarƙashin ikon Kwamitocin Tsaron Juyin Juya Halin, waɗanda aka kafa rassansu a kowane wurin aiki kuma waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin 'ƙungiyoyin iko na siyasa da zamantakewa'.

Kwanaki uku bayan Sankara ta hau mulki a shekarar 1983 ta hanyar juyin juya halin jama'a, Ƙungiyar Malaman Afirka ta Ƙasa ta Upper Volta (SNEAHV) ta kira Sankara da gwamnatinsa ta kama masu tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ta yi kira ga ma'aikata da su kasance a shirye don yaƙi don 'yancinsu. Sakamakon haka, gwamnati ta ba da umarnin kama manyan mutane huɗu na SNEAHV; an saki ɗaya jim kaɗan bayan haka. A martanin da ta mayar, SNEAHV ta yi kira da a yi yajin aikin malamai na ƙasa don nuna rashin amincewa da kama mutanen. Gwamnati ta ga wannan a matsayin wani abu da ya jefa Upper Volta mai rauni a siyasance cikin haɗari, wadda ta riga ta fuskanci juyin mulki sau biyar tun bayan samun 'yancin kanta. Saboda haka, ministan Ilimi na Ƙasa ya yi kira ga daraktocin makarantu masu zaman kansu "kada su yi amfani da ayyukan masu yajin aiki a wurarensu". Kiran ya shafi malamai 1300-1500.

Kotunan Juyin Juya Hali da gwamnati ta kafa a duk faɗin ƙasar, sun gurfanar da waɗanda ake tuhuma a gaban shari'a saboda cin hanci da rashawa, kin biyan haraji ko kuma ayyukan 'masu adawa da juyin juya hali'. Tsarin shari'o'in, musamman kariyar doka ga waɗanda ake tuhuma, bai yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya ba. A cewar Christian Morrisson da Jean-Paul Azam na Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Tattalin Arziki da Ci Gaba, 'yanayin gaggawa da ɗaukar mataki mai tsauri wanda aka aiwatar da hukunci da yawa nan take ga waɗanda suka sami rashin sa'a da aka same su da laifin rashin juyin juya hali, ya yi kama da abin da ya faru a cikin mafi munin kwanakin juyin juya halin Faransa, a lokacin Mulkin Ta'addanci. Kodayake mutane kaɗan ne aka kashe, tashin hankali ya yaɗu.

Mutuwa

A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1987, an kashe Sankara da wasu jami'ai goma sha biyu a wani juyin mulki da tsohon abokin aikinsa Blaise Compaoré ya shirya. Lokacin da yake ba da labarin juyin mulkinsa, Compaoré ya bayyana cewa Sankara ya kawo cikas ga dangantakar ƙasashen waje da tsohuwar ƙasar mulkin mallaka Faransa da maƙwabciyarta Ivory Coast, kuma ya zargi tsohon abokin aikinsa da shirya makarkashiyar kashe abokan hamayya.

Prince Johnson, tsohon shugaban yaƙin basasar Liberia wanda ke goyon bayan Charles Taylor kuma wanda ya kashe shugaban Liberia Samuel Doe wanda aka ɗauki hotunan sa'o'in ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, ya shaida wa Kwamitin Gaskiya da Sulhu na Liberia cewa Taylor ne ya tsara shi. Bayan juyin mulkin kuma duk da cewa an san Sankara ya mutu, wasu CDR sun yi tsayin daka ga sojoji na tsawon kwanaki da dama.

A cewar Halouna Traoré, wanda shi kaɗai ya tsira daga kisan Sankara, Sankara yana halartar wani taro da Conseil de l'Entente. Masu kisan gillarsa sun ware Sankara suka kashe shi. Daga nan sai masu kisan suka harbi waɗanda suka halarci taron, suka kashe wasu mutane 12. Gawar Sankara cike take da harsasai a baya kuma aka binne shi cikin sauri a cikin kabari mara alama yayin da bazawararsa Mariam da 'ya'yansa biyu suka tsere daga ƙasar. Nan da nan Compaoré ya sauya tsarin ƙasa, ya kawar da kusan dukkan manufofin Sankara, ya sake komawa Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya da Bankin Duniya don kawo kuɗaɗen da ake buƙata don dawo da tattalin arzikin da ya lalace, kuma daga ƙarshe ya yi watsi da mafi yawan gadon Sankara. Mulkin kama-karya na Compaoré ya ci gaba da mulki na tsawon shekaru 27 har sai da zanga-zangar jama'a ta hambarar da shi a shekarar 2014.

Gwaji

A shekarar 2017, gwamnatin Burkina Faso ta nemi gwamnatin Faransa a hukumance da ta fitar da takardun soja kan kisan Sankara bayan da matar sa ta zargi Faransa da kitsa kisan gillar da aka yi masa. Shugaban Faransa Emmanuel Macron ya yi alƙawarin bayyana takardun Faransa game da kisan Sankara.

A watan Afrilun 2021, shekaru 34 bayan kisan Sankara, an tuhumi tsohon shugaban ƙasa Compaoré da wasu mutane 13 da hannu a kisan Sankara da kuma wasu laifuka a juyin mulkin. Wannan ci gaban ya zo ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin Shugaba Roch Marc Christian Kaboré na 'sulhu na ƙasa'.

A watan Oktoban 2021, an fara shari'ar Compaoré da wasu mutane 13 a Ouagadougou, inda aka yi wa Compaoré shari'a ba tare da an san shi ba. Tsohon shugaban tsaron shugaban ƙasa Hyacinthe Kafondo, shi ma an yi masa shari'a ba tare da an san shi ba. Mako guda kafin shari'ar, lauyoyin Compaoré sun bayyana cewa ba zai halarci shari'ar ba, wadda suka bayyana a matsayin mai nakasa, kuma sun jaddada cewa yana da damar samun kariya, kasancewarsa tsohon shugaban ƙasa. Bayan buƙatun da lauyoyin tsaro suka yi na ƙarin lokaci don shirya kare kansu, an dage zaman shari'ar har zuwa 1 ga Maris.

A ranar 6 ga Afrilun 2022, an sami Compaoré da wasu mutane biyu da laifi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai a bayan fage. An yanke wa wasu takwas hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 3 zuwa 20 a gidan yari. An same su da laifin aikata laifuka uku.

Hakowa daga ƙasa

An fara tono abin da ake kyautata zaton gawar Sankara ce a ranar 'Yancin Afirka, 25 ga Mayu 2015. An ƙi amincewa da a tono gawar a lokacin mulkin magajinsa, Blaise Compaoré. Tono gawar zai bai wa iyalin damar gano gawar a hukumance, buƙatar da iyalansa da magoya bayansa suka daɗe suna nema.

A watan Oktoba na 2015, ɗaya daga cikin lauyoyin matar Sankara Mariam ta ba da rahoton cewa binciken gawar ya nuna cewa gawar Sankara ta yi 'sha'awa' da harsasai 'fiye da goma sha biyu'.

A shekarar 2025, an sake binne Sankara da waɗanda aka kashe tare da shi a juyin mulkin 1987 a wani kabari da aka gina a wurin Conseil de l'Entente a Ouagadougou.

Gado

Tambarin Burkina Faso a ƙarƙashin Sankara daga 1984 zuwa 1987, wanda ke ɗauke da mattock da AK-47 (wanda aka yi nuni da guduma da laƙa) tare da taken La Patrie ou la Mort, nous vaincrons ('Uba ko mutuwa, za mu yi nasara'). An kuma nuna mattock da AK-47 a kan rigar Mozambique, yayin da taken da ke ƙasa da makamai shi ma taken Cuba ne na yanzu, kodayake a cikin Sifaniyanci. Tare da kwarjininsa na sirri, Sankara yana da tsare-tsare na asali da suka ba da gudummawa ga shahararsa kuma suka jawo hankalin wasu kafofin watsa labarai na duniya ga gwamnatinsa.

Haɗin kai

• Ya sayar da motocin gwamnati na Mercedes kuma ya yi wa ministocin Renault 5 (mota mafi arha da aka sayar a Burkina Faso a wancan lokacin) motar hidima ta hukuma.

• Ya rage albashin ma'aikatan gwamnati masu arziki (har da nasa) kuma ya hana amfani da direbobin gwamnati da tikitin jirgin sama na farko.

• Ya yi adawa da tallafin ƙasashen waje, yana mai cewa 'Wanda ya ciyar da ku, yana iko da ku'.

• Ya yi magana a cikin dandali kamar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Afirka game da abin da ya bayyana a matsayin shigar da mulkin mallaka na zamani a Afirka ta hanyar ciniki da kuɗaɗen ƙasashen yamma.

• Ya yi kira da a haɗa kan ƙasashen Afirka don su ƙi bashin da ke kansu na waje. Ya yi jayayya cewa talakawa da waɗanda ake zalunta ba su da alhakin biyan kuɗi ga masu kuɗi da masu cin amana.

• Thomas ya san yadda zai nuna wa mutanensa cewa za su iya zama masu mutunci da alfahari ta hanyar ikon nufin, jarumtaka, gaskiya da aiki. Abin da ya fi muhimmanci ga mijina shi ne amincinsa.
• A Ouagadougou, Sankara ya mayar da shagon samar da kayan sojoji zuwa babban kanti mallakar gwamnati da aka bude wa kowa (babban kanti na farko a kasar).
• Ya tilasta wa ma'aikatan gwamnati masu arziki biyan albashin wata daya ga ayyukan gwamnati.
• Ya ki amfani da na'urar sanyaya daki a ofishinsa bisa dalilin cewa irin wannan jin dadi ba ya samuwa ga kowa sai 'yan Burkinabes kaɗan.
• A matsayinsa na Shugaban kasa, ya rage albashinsa zuwa $450 a wata kuma ya takaita kadarorinsa ga mota, babura huɗu, gita uku, firiji, da injin daskarewa da ya lalace.

Salo

• Ya bukaci ma'aikatan gwamnati su sanya riga ta gargajiya, wacce aka saka da audugar Burkinabe kuma masu sana'ar Burkinabe suka dinka.
• An san shi da yin tsere shi kaɗai a cikin Ouagadougou cikin rigarsa ta tsere da kuma sanya rigar soja da aka ƙera, da bindigar lu'u-lu'u.
• Lokacin da aka tambaye shi dalilin da ya sa ba ya son a rataye hotonsa a wuraren jama'a, kamar yadda aka saba ga sauran shugabannin Afirka (wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun yi amfani da al'adar halayyar ɗan adam), Sankara ya amsa: "Akwai Thomas Sankaras miliyan bakwai".
• Ya zama ƙwararren mai buga guitar, ya rubuta sabuwar waƙar ƙasa da kansa.

Burkina Faso

An buɗe wani mutum-mutumin Sankara a shekarar 2019 a wurin da aka kashe shi a Ouagadougou; duk da haka, saboda ƙorafe-ƙorafen cewa bai yi daidai da fuskarsa ba, an buɗe wani sabon mutum-mutumin bayan shekara guda.

A shekarar 2023, gwamnatin Burkina Faso ta ayyana Sankara a matsayin "jarumin ƙasa".

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2023, a ranar cika shekaru 36 da kisan gillarsa, gwamnati ta canza sunan babban titin Ouagadougou don girmama Sankara. Hanyar da ake magana a kai ita ce Boulevard Charles de Gaulle, wanda yanzu aka sani da Boulevard Capitaine Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara.

Kyauta ta ƙasa da ƙasa

Cuba ta ba wa Sankara lambar yabo mafi girma a fannin gwamnati, wato Order of José Martí.

Shekaru ashirin bayan kisan gillarsa, an yi bikin tunawa da Sankara a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 2007 a bukukuwan da suka gudana a Burkina Faso, Mali, Senegal, Niger, Tanzania, Burundi, Faransa, Kanada da Amurka.

Che Guevara na Afirka

Ana kiran Sankara da "Che Guevara na Afirka". Sankara ya yi jawabi ne a bikin cika shekaru 20 da kisan Che Guevara a ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 1967, mako guda kafin kisan gillar da aka yi masa a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1987.

Jerin aiki

• Thomas Sankara Speaks: The Burkina Faso Revolution, 1983–87, Pathfinder Press: 1988. ISBN 0-87348-527-0.
• We Are the Heirs of the World's Revolutions: Speeches from the Burkina Faso Revolution 1983–87, Pathfinder Press: 2007. ISBN 0-87348-989-6.
• Women's Liberation and the African Freedom Struggle, Pathfinder Press: 1990. ISBN 0-87348-585-8.

Duba kuma

• Ecology in Thomas Sankara's policies