Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga
| Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga | |
|---|---|
 Ikirunga cya Sabyinyo | |
| Igihugu | Rwanda |
| Intara | Amajyaruguru, Uburengerazuba |
| Uturere | Musanze, Burera, Nyabihu, Rubavu |
| Aho iherereye | 1°28′03″S 29°29′33″E / 1.46750°S 29.49250°E |
| Ubuso | ~160 km² |
| Impinga ndende | Karisimbi (m 4 507) |
| Yashinzwe | 1925 |
| Icungwa na | RDB |
| Urubuga | visitrwanda.com |
Pariki y'Igihugu y'Ibirunga (izwi kandi nka Pariki y'Ibirunga cyangwa Pariki Nasiyonali y'Ibirunga) ni pariki y'igihugu iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, ku mupaka wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n'Ubugande. Irinda igice cy'u Rwanda cy'urunigi rw'ibirunga rwa Virunga, harimo ibirunga bitanu: Karisimbi, Bisoke, Sabyinyo, Gahinga na Muhabura.
Yashinzwe mu 1925, ikaba imwe muri pariki za mbere zashinzwe muri Afurika. Izwi ku isi hose kubera ingagi zo mu misozi, ari na zo zituma isurwa cyane, ndetse no kubera umushakashatsi Dian Fossey wahakoreye ubushakashatsi ku ngagi.
Imiterere
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Pariki irinda imisozi ihanamye y'urunigi rwa Virunga. Yitiriwe ibirunga bitanu bitakiruka: Karisimbi (m 4 507, ari cyo kirekire), Bisoke (gifite ikiyaga mu rwobo rwacyo), Sabyinyo, Gahinga na Muhabura. Ibidukikije byayo birimo ishyamba ry'imisozi miremire, imigano, ibyatsi n'ibishanga.[1]
Ibimera bitandukana bitewe n'ubutumburuke. Hagati ya metero 2 400 na 2 500 hari ishyamba ry'ubwoko bwa Neoboutonia; hagati ya metero 2 500 na 3 200 hari ishyamba ry'imigano (Arundinaria alpina) riri ku buso bungana na 30% bya pariki.[2] Hagati ya metero 2 600 na 3 600 hari ishyamba rya Hagenia na Hypericum, naho hagati ya metero 3 500 na 4 200 hagaragara cyane ibimera nka Lobelia wollastonii na Senecio erici-rosenii. Hejuru ya metero 4 300, ibyatsi ni byo byiganje.[2]
Amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Pariki yashinzwe mu 1925, ari agace gato kari hagati y'ibirunga bya Karisimbi, Bisoke na Mikeno, hagamijwe kurinda ingagi ba rushimusi.[2] Mu 1929 yaraguwe igera ku butaka bw'u Rwanda n'ubwa Kongo y'Ababiligi (ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo), ihinduka Pariki ya Albert (Parc Albert) ifite kilometero kare 8 090, yacungwaga n'abakoloni b'Ababiligi.[3] Nyuma y'ubwigenge bwa Kongo (1960) n'ubw'u Rwanda (1962), pariki yagabanyijwemo ibice bibiri, buri gihugu gicunga igice cyacyo.[3] Ku ruhande rw'u Rwanda, ubuso bwayo bwagiye bugabanuka kubera abaturage bashakaga aho gutura no guhinga.[2]
Ubushakashatsi ku ngagi
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Mu 1902, umusirikare w'Umudage Robert von Beringe yarashe ingagi muri ibi birunga, yohereza ibice byayo i Berlin; abahanga basanga ari ubwoko bw'ingagi butari buzwi, bwitirirwa izina rye (Gorilla beringei).[2]
Mu 1967, umushakashatsi w'Umunyamerikakazi Dian Fossey yashinze ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Karisoke (Karisoke Research Centre) hagati ya Karisimbi na Bisoke.[3] Yamaze igihe kinini muri pariki, agira uruhare runini mu gutuma ingagi zo mu Rwanda zitabwaho ku rwego mpuzamahanga.[2] Yiciwe iwe mu 1985, ashyingurwa muri pariki hafi y'ikigo yashinze.
Umutekano muke (1992–1999)
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Mu gihe cy'intambara hagati y'ingabo z'u Rwanda za kera n'iza FPR-Inkotanyi, mu 1992 icyicaro gikuru cya pariki cyagabweho igitero, bituma ubukerarugendo n'ubushakashatsi bihagarara. Umutekano muke wakomeje kubera abacengezi baturukaga muri Kongo, uhagarara burundu mu 1999.[4]
Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima
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Pariki izwi cyane ku ingagi zo mu misozi (Gorilla beringei beringei), ziri mu kaga ko kuzimira.[1] Hagati ya 1958 na 1980, ubuhigi bwatumye umubare wazo uva kuri 450 ugera kuri 250; ubu muri pariki habarirwa ingagi zirenga 360.[2]
Ibamo kandi inkima (Cercopithecus kandti), inkende idasanzwe,[1] ndetse n'izindi nyamaswa nk'inzovu, imbogo, impyisi n'impongo.[2] Hari kandi amoko y'inyoni arenga 200.[1]
Ubukerarugendo
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Gusura ingagi ni cyo gikorwa nyamukuru cy'ubukerarugendo muri pariki. Umubare w'abasura ingagi ni ntarengwa kandi uruhushya rugurwa muri RDB; rugura amadolari 200 ku batuye Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, 500 ku banyamahanga batuye mu Rwanda na 1 500 ku bandi banyamahanga.[3] Abasura pariki bashobora kandi gusura inkima, kuzamuka ibirunga no gusura imidugudu iyikikije.[1]
Mu 2019, pariki yinjije amadolari y'Amerika agera kuri miliyoni 26. Kuva mu 2005, 10% by'amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo agenerwa abaturage baturiye pariki.[2]
Reba kandi
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Amashakiro
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- 1 2 3 4 5 "Volcanoes National Park". Visit Rwanda (Rwanda Development Board) (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2026-10-01.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Menya byinshi kuri Pariki y'Ibirunga icumbikiye ingagi utasanga ahandi". Kigali Today. Retrieved 2026-10-01.
- 1 2 3 4 "Amakuru kuri Parike y'Ibirunga, uko yabayeho n'inyamaswa zibonekamo". Umuringa News. Retrieved 2026-10-01.
- ↑ https://www.viator.com/Kigali-attractions/Volcanoes-National-Park/d22362-a20609
Imiyoboro yo hanze
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Pariki y'Ibirunga ku rubuga rwa Visit Rwanda (in English)