Ubushita
| Ubushita | |
|---|---|
| Other names: Variola, smallpox (Icyongereza), variole (Igifaransa) | |
 | |
| Umwana urwaye ubushita muri Bangaladeshi mu 1973 | |
 | |
| Ishami ry'ubuvuzi | Infectious diseases  |
| Ibimenyetso | Umuriro mwinshi, umunaniro, uburibwe bw'umugongo, uduheri ku ruhu |
| Impamvu | Virusi ya variola |
| Kwirinda | Urukingo |
Ubushita (mu Cyongereza: smallpox, mu Gifaransa: variole) bwari indwara yandura yaterwaga na virusi ya variola ikaba iri mu bwoko bwa za virusi zizwi nka Orthopoxvirus. Umuntu wanyuma wanduye iyindwara mu buryo busanzwe (atayitewe na virusi yakorewe muri laoratwari), yasuzumwe mu kwakira 1977. Mu mwaka 1980, ishami ry'umuryango w'abimye ryita kuuzima (OMS/WHO) ryemeje ko iyi indwara yari yararanduwe ku isi hose, bituma iba ari yo ndwara yonyine mu ndwara z'abantu yashoboye kurandurwa urundu.
Ibimenyetso
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni umuriro mwinshi, umunaniro n'uburibwe bukabije bw'umugongo. Hari ubwo umurwayi agira uburibwe bw'inda akanaruka. Nyuma y'iminsi 2 cyangwa 3, uruhu ruzana uduheri twuzuye amazi. Nyuma, utwo duheri tuzamo amashyira. Hanyuma uduheri turuma tukavaho. Uduheri dutangirira ku maso no ku biganza. Hanyuma tukwira umubiri wose. Ibisebe bijya no mu mazuru no mu kanwa.[1]
Uko bwandura
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]
Ubushita bwandura iyo umuntu ari hafi y'umurwayi. Bwandurira mu dutonyanga duturuka ku murwayi. Hari ubwo bwandurira mu myenda cyangwa mu buriri by'umurwayi. Ibimenyetso bigaragara hagati y'iminsi 7 n'iminsi 17 nyuma yo kwandura. Umurwayi atangira kwanduza abandi iyo agize umuriro. Akomeza kwanduza kugeza ubwo uduheri twose tuvuyeho.[1]
Ubushita bwicaga abarwayi bagera kuri 30%.[1]
Amateka
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ubushita bumaze nibura imyaka 3 000 ku isi.[1]
Mu 1796, Edward Jenner yakoze urukingo rw'ubushita. Jenner yabonye ko abagore bakama inka bari bararwaye ubushita bw'inka batarwaraga ubushita. Urwo rukingo ni rwo rukingo rwa mbere rwagize icyo rugeraho.[1]
Mu 1967, OMS yatangije gahunda ikomeye yo kurandura ubushita. Abantu benshi barakingiwe ku isi hose. Umurwayi wa nyuma wanduye mu buryo busanzwe yabonetse muri Somaliya mu 1977. Mu 1980, OMS yatangaje ko ubushita bwaranduwe. Ubushita ni yo ndwara yandura yonyine yaranduwe ku isi.[1]
Virusi ya variola isigaye gusa muri laboratwari ebyiri. Imwe iri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, indi iri mu Burusiya.[1]
Inyandiko
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]Ihuza ryo hanze
[Hindura | hindura inkomoko]- Amafoto y'ubushita kuri Wikimedia Commons