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Libiya

Bedel linkiga
Ka Wikipedia
(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Libya)
Dawladda Liibiya[a]
  • دولة ليبيا (Af-Carabi)
    Dawlat Lībiyā
Calanka Liibiya
Calanka
Astaanta ee Liibiya
Astaanta
Heesta qaranka: ليبيا، ليبيا، ليبيا
"Liibiya, Liibiya, Liibiya"
CaasimaddaTripoli[1]
32°52′N 13°11′E / 32.867°N 13.183°E / 32.867; 13.183
Magaalada ugu weyncaasimadda
Luuqadaha rasmiga ahCarabi[b]
Af-goobka deegaankaCarabiga Liibiya
Luqadaha qalaadTalyaani iyo Ingiriis
Qaybaha qowmiyadaha
(1999)[2]
  • 92% Carabi
  • 5% Berber
  • 3% kuwa kale
Diinta
(2020)[1]
  • 96.6% Islaam (Rasmi)
  • 2.7% Masiixiyad
  • <1% Budhist
  • <1% Hindu
  • <1% Yuhuudi
  • <1% Diinta hiddaha ah
  • <1% Kuwa kale
  • <1% Aan cidna ku xidhnayn
 DadkaReer Liibiya
DawladdaJamhuuriyad midaysan oo hoos timaada dawlad kumeelgaar ah (GNU)
• Guddoomiyaha Golaha Madaxtooyada
Mohamed al-Menfi
• Guddoomiye Ku-xigeenka Golaha Madaxtooyada
Musa Al-Koni
• Ra'iisul Wasaare
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh[lower-alpha 1]
• Guddoomiyaha Golaha Wakiilada
Aguila Saleh Issa
Sharci-dejintaGolaha Sare ee Dawladda
Golaha Wakiilada
Aasaaskii
• Tripoli-da Cusmaaniyiinta
1551
• Duulaankii Talyaaniga ee Liibiya
1911
• Dhaqdhaqaaqa iska caabinta Liibiya
1911–1951
• Jamhuuriyaddii Tripoli
16 November 1918
• Boqortooyada Liibiya
24 December 1951
• Afgembigii Muammar Gaddafi
1 September 1969
• Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya ee Shacabka Hantiwadaaga ah ee Weyn
2 March 1977
• Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Sokeeye ee Liibiya
17 February 2011
• Soo dhexgaliddii NATO ee Liibiya
19 March 2011
• Dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Labaad ee Sokeeye ee Liibiya
23 October 2020
Bedka
• Wadarta
1,759,541 km2 (679,363 sq mi) (16aad)
Dadka
• Qiyaastii 2024
Neutral increase 7,361,263[1] (103ad)
• Cufnaanta
4.2/km2 (10.9/sq mi)
Wax soo saar (PPP)Qiyaastii 2025 
• Wadarta
Increase $123.990 bilyan[3] (96aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $17,760[3] (101ad)
Wax soo saar (magac ahaan)Qiyaastii 2025 
• Wadarta
Increase $47.480 bilyan[3] (95aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $6,800[3] (102ad)
Kobaca (2023)0.721[4]
sarreeya (115ad)
LacagtaDiinaarka Liibiya (LYD)
SaacaddaUTC+2 (Wakhtiga Bariga Yurub)
Koodhka wicitaanka+218
Furaha Internetka.ly
ليبيا.
  1. ^ Fariinta Qaramada Midoobay ee ku saabsan magaca rasmiga ah: "Ka dib markii loo qaatay go'aanka Golaha Guud ee tirsigiisu yahay 66/1, Ergada Joogtada ah ee Liibiya u fadhida Qaramada Midoobay waxay si rasmi ah ugu wargelisay Qaramada Midoobay Baaq ka soo baxay Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka ee 3dii Ogosto kaas oo bedelay magaca rasmiga ah ee Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya loona bedelay 'Liibiya' laguna bedelay calanka qaranka ee Liibiya."
  2. ^ Luqadda rasmiga ah waxaa si fudud loogu aqoonsaday "Carabi" (Baaqa Dastuuriga ah ee ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Liibiya, qodobka 1).
  3. ^ Boqortooyada Midowday iyo Faransiiska waxay wadajir u haysteen maamul guud oo dulsaar ku ahaa Liibiya iyada oo loo marayo Golaha Kalsoonida ee Qaramada Midoobay.

Liibiya,[lower-alpha 2] si rasmi ahna loogu yeero Dawladda Liibiya,[lower-alpha 3] waa dal ku yaal gobolka Maghreb ee Waqooyiga Afrika. Waxay waqooyiga xuduud la leedahay Badda Mediterranean-ka, bariga Masar, koonfur-bari Suudaan, koonfurta Jaad, koonfur-galbeed Nayjer, galbeedka Aljeeriya, iyo waqooyi-galbeed Tuunis. Iyadoo leh baaxad dhul oo ku dhow 700,000 oo mayl laba jibaaran, Liibiya waa dalka afraad ee ugu weyn Afrika iyo Caalamka Carabta, waana dalka 16aad ee ugu weyn adduunka.[7] Dalku wuxuu sheeganayaa 32,000 oo kiilomitir oo laba jibaaran oo ah koonfur-bari Aljeeriya, koonfurta magaalada Liibiya ee Ghat.[1][8] Caasimadda iyo magaalada ugu weyn waa Tripoli, oo ku taal waqooyi-galbeed kuna dhowaad in ka badan hal milyan oo ka mid ah toddobada milyan ee dadka ku nool Liibiya.[9]

Liibiya waxaa deganaa dadka Berber-ka tan iyo dhammaadkii Aroortii Naxaasta (Bronze Age) iyagoo ka farcamay dhaqamadii Iberomaurusian iyo Capsian. Waqtiyadii hore ee qadiimiga ahaa, reer Foyniqiya waxay ka aasaaseen magaalo-dawlado iyo xarumo ganacsi galbeedka Liibiya, halka dhowr magaalo oo Giriig ah laga aasaasay Bariga. Qaybo ka mid ah Liibiya waxaa si kala duwan u xukumay reer Carthage-tii hore, reer Numidia, Boqortooyadii Bershiya, iyo Giriigii Ptolemaic ka hor inta aan gobolka oo dhan uu noqon qayb ka mid ah Boqortooyadii Roomaanka. Liibiya waxay ahayd xarun hore oo Masiixiyadda ah. Ka dib dhicidda Boqortooyadii Roomaanka ee Galbeedka, aagga Liibiya waxaa inta badan qabsaday Boqortooyadii Vandal ilaa qarnigii 7aad markii duulaanadu ay keeneen Islaamka gobolka. Wixii markaas ka dambeeyay, qarniyo ay jireen guuritaanka Carabta ee gobolka Maghreb waxay beddeleen qaabka dadka ee Liibiya iyada oo ay u badatay dhanka Carabta. Qarnigii 16aad, Boqortooyadii Isbayn iyo fardooleyda Knights Hospitaller waxay qabsadeen Tripoli ilaa xukunkii Cusmaaniyiintu uu ka bilaamay 1551. Liibiya waxay ku lug lahayd Dagaaladii Barbary ee qarniyadii 18aad iyo 19aad. Xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta ayaa sii socday ilaa Dagaalkii Talyaaniga iyo Turkiga ee 1911, kaas oo sababay in Talyaanigu uu qabsado Liibiya oo uu ka aasaaso laba gumeysi: Tripolitania-dii Talyaaniga iyo Cyrenaica-dii Talyaaniga, kuwaas oo dambe lagu midoobay gumeysigii Liibiya ee Talyaaniga laga bilaabo 1934 ilaa 1943.[10]

Intii uu socday Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka, Liibiya waxay ahayd aag dagaal ee Ololihii Waqooyiga Afrika. Dadkii deganaa ee Talyaaniga ahaa ayaa markaas hoos u dhacay Liibiyana waxay noqotay mid madaxbannaan oo noqotay boqortooyo 1951. Afgambi milatari oo aan dhiig ku daadan 1969, oo uu bilaabay isbahaysi uu hoggaaminayo Kornayl Muammar Gaddafi, ayaa xukunka ka tuuray Boqor Idris I wuxuuna abuuray jamhuuriyad. Gaddafi waxaa badanaa ku sifeeyay dhaleeceeyayaashu inuu yahay keli-taliye, wuxuuna ahaa mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha adduunka ugu muddada dheer ee aan boqor ahayn. Wuxuu xukumayay muddo 42 sano ah ilaa xukunka looga tuuray lagana dilay dagaalkii sokeeye ee 2011, dhexdiisii Kacdoonkii Carabta (Arab Spring), iyadoo awoodda loo wareejiyay Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka ka dibna loo wareejiyay Golaha Guud ee Qaranka ee la doortay.

Tan iyo 2011, Liibiya waxay ku jirtay dhibaato siyaasadeed iyo mid bini'aadantinimo, marka la gaadhay 2014, laba maamul oo iska soo horjeeda ayaa sheegtay inay xukumaan Liibiya, taas oo keentay dagaalkii labaad ee sokeeye, iyadoo qaybo ka mid ah Liibiya ay u kala qaybsameen dawlado kala duwan, oo fadhigoodu yahay Tripoli iyo Tobruk, iyo sidoo kale maleeshiyooyin beeleed iyo kuwa Islaami ah oo kala duwan. Labadii dhinac ee ugu waaweynaa ee dagaallamayay waxay saxeexeen xabbad-joojin joogto ah sannadkii 2020, dawlad midnimo qaran ahna waxay la wareegtay awoodda si ay u qorsheyso doorashooyin dimuqraadi ah, inkastoo loolanka siyaasadeed uu weli dib u dhac ku keenayo arrintan.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Bishii Maarso 2022, Golaha Wakiilada wuxuu joojiyay aqoonsigii Dawladda Midnimada Qaran wuxuuna ku dhawaaqay dawlad beddel ah, oo ah Dawladda Xasiloonida Qaranka (GNS). Labada dawladoodba waxay u shaqaynayeen isku mar wixii markaas ka dambeeyay, taas oo keentay awood laba-geesood ah oo ka jirta Liibiya. Beesha caalamku waxay sii waddaa inay u aqoonsato dawladda midnimada inay tahay dawladda sharciga ah ee dalka.

Liibiya waa dal soo koraya oo ku jira kaalinta 115ad ee HDI, waxayna leedahay kaydka 10aad ee ugu weyn ee saliidda la xaqiijiyay adduunka. Liibiya waxay leedahay heerka ugu sarreeya ee sii deynta gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo qofkiiba ee Afrika, laakiin horumar yar ayay ka samaysay dhanka horumarinta ballanqaadyada cimilada. Liibiya waa xubin ka tirsan Qaramada Midoobay, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Aan-Caddayn, Midowga Afrika, Jaamacadda Carabta, Ururka Iskaashiga Islaamka, iyo OPEC. Diinta rasmiga ah ee dalka waa Islaamka, iyadoo 96.6% dadka Liibiya ay yihiin Muslimiin Sunni ah.[1] Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Liibiya waa Carabi, iyadoo Carabiga Liibiya uu yahay kan ugu ballaaran ee lagaga hadlo dalka. Inta badan dadka Liibiya waa Carabi.[19][20][21]

Asalka magaca

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
Goobta taariikhiga ah ee Sabratha, Liibiya

Asalka magaca "Liibiya" wuxuu markii ugu horreysay ka muuqday qoraal ka mid ah Ramesses II, oo loo qoray sidii rbw ee hieroglyphic. Magacu wuxuu ka yimid aqoonsi guud oo la siiyay isbahaysi weyn oo ka jiray Bariga qadiimiga ah ee "Liibiya" ee Berber-ka, dadka Waqooyiga Afrika iyo qabiilooyinka ku noolaa hareeraha gobollada barwaaqada ah ee Cyrenaica iyo Marmarica. Ciidan ka kooban 40,000 oo nin[22] iyo isbahaysi qabiilo oo loo yaqaanay "Madaxda Waaweyn ee Libu" waxaa hoggaaminayay Boqor Meryey oo dagaal la galay fircoon Merneptah sannadkii 5aad (1208 BC). Iskahorimaadkan waxaa lagu xusay Qoraalka Weyn ee Karnak ee ku yaal delta galbeedka intii lagu jiray sannadihii 5aad iyo 6aad ee xukunkiisa wuxuuna dhaliyay guuldarradii Meryey. Sida ku xusan Qoraalka Weyn ee Karnak, isbahaysiga milatari wuxuu ka koobnaa Meshwesh, Lukka, iyo "Dadka Badda" oo loo yaqaanay Ekwesh, Teresh, Shekelesh, iyo Sherden.

Qoraalka Weyn ee Karnak wuxuu u qoran yahay:

"... xilligii saddexaad, isagoo leh: 'Madaxii kharribmay, ee laga adkaaday ee Liibiya, Meryey, wiilka Ded, wuxuu ku soo dhacay dalka Tehenu iyada oo ay weheliyaan qaansoleyda—Sherden, Shekelesh, Ekwesh, Lukka, Teresh. Isagoo soo kaxaystay geesiyaashii ugu fiicnaa iyo nin kasta oo dagaalyahan ah oo dalkiisa ka tirsan. Wuxuu keenay xaaskiisa iyo carruurtiisa—hoggaamiyayaashii xerada, wuxuuna gaadhay xadka galbeed ee beeraha Perire."

Magaca "Liibiya" waxaa dib loogu soo celiyay isticmaalka sannadkii 1903 cilmiga juqraafiga ee Talyaaniga Federico Minutilli. Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu beddelo ereyadii loo isticmaali jiray Tripolitania-dii Cusmaaniyiinta, gobolka xeebta ee hadda ah Liibiya, kaas oo ay xukumaysay Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyiinta laga bilaabo 1551 ilaa 1911 as Eyalet of Tripolitania.[23]

Liibiya waxay heshay madaxbannaanida 1951 iyadoo ahayd Boqortooyada Midowday ee Liibiya (المملكة الليبية المتحدة al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah al-Muttaḥidah), iyadoo magaca loo beddelay Boqortooyada Liibiya (المملكة الليبية al-Mamlakah al-Lībiyyah), dhab ahaantii "Boqortooyada Liibiya", sannadkii 1963.[24] Ka dib afgambi uu hoggaaminayay Muammar Gaddafi 1969, magaca dawladda waxaa loo beddelay Jamhuuriyadda Carabta Liibiya (الجمهورية العربية الليبية al-Jumhūriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah). Magaca rasmiga ahi wuxuu ahaa "Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya ee Shacabka Hantiwadaaga ah" laga bilaabo 1977 ilaa 1986 (الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية), iyo "Jamahiiriyada Carabta Liibiya ee Shacabka Hantiwadaaga ah ee Weyn"[25] (الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية العظمى,[26] al-Jamāhīriyyah al-'Arabiyyah al-Lībiyyah ash-Sha'biyyah al-Ishtirākiyyah al-'Udmá dhageysoⓘ) laga bilaabo 1986 ilaa 2011.

Golaha Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Qaranka, oo la aasaasay 2011, wuxuu ugu yeeray dawladda si fudud "Liibiya". Qaramada Midoobay (UN) waxay si rasmi ah u aqoonsatay dalka sidii "Liibiya" bishii Sebtember 2011[27] iyadoo lagu saleynayo codsi ka yimid Ergada Joogtada ah ee Liibiya iyadoo la xiganayo Baaqa Dastuuriga ah ee Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Liibiya ee 3dii Ogosto 2011. Bishii Noofambar 2011, ISO 3166-1 waxaa la beddelay si ay u muujiso magaca cusub ee dalka "Liibiya" ee Ingiriiska, "Libye (la)" ee Faransiiska.[28]

Bishii Diseembar 2017, Ergada Joogtada ah ee Liibiya u fadhida Qaramada Midoobay waxay ku wargelisay QM in magaca rasmiga ah ee dalka uu hadda ka dib yahay "Dawladda Liibiya"; "Liibiya" waxay ahaanaysaa qaabka rasmiga ah ee gaaban, dalkuna wuxuu sii wadaa in lagu taxo xarafka "L" ee liisaska xarfaha hore ee alifbeeto ahaan.[29]

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Libya". The World Factbook. (7 August 2024). Central Intelligence Agency.  Archived Jannaayo 9, 2021 // Wayback Machine
  2. ↑ Yakan, Mohamad (2017-11-30). Almanac of African Peoples and Nations (in Ingiriisi). Routledge. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-351-28930-6. Archived from the original on 1 May 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (in Ingiriisi).
  4. ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  5. ↑ "Member States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2021. On 22 December 2017, the Permanent Mission of Libya to the United Nations formally notified the United Nations that the government is changing the official name of Libya to 'State of Libya.'
  6. ↑ "Publications Office – Interinstitutional style guide – Annex A5 – List of countries, territories and currencies". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  7. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook (3) Pop., Rate of Pop. Increase, Surface Area & Density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  8. ↑ "Libya-Algeria". Sovereign Limits. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  9. ↑ "Libya Demographics Profile 2014". Indexmundi.com. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  10. ↑ J. Desanges, "The proto-Berbers", pp. 236–245, especially p. 237, in General History of Africa, vol. II: Ancient Civilizations of Africa (UNESCO 1990).
  11. ↑ "Libya — a tale of two governments, again". Arab News (in Ingiriisi). 2022-06-11. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  12. ↑ "Rival second Libyan assembly chooses own PM as chaos spreads". Reuters. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
  13. ↑ Chris Stephen. "Libyan parliament takes refuge in Greek car ferry". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  14. ↑ "Peace talks between Libyan factions to take place in Geneva". Sun Herald. 7 August 2015. Archived from the original on 14 March 2020. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  15. ↑ "1969: Bloodless coup in Libya". 1 September 1969. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  16. ↑ Kafala, Tarik (20 October 2011). "Gaddafi's quixotic and brutal rule". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 April 2023.
  17. ↑ "Libyan government offensive in Benghazi stalls as Islamists dig in". Reuters. 6 August 2015. Archived from the original on 9 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  18. ↑ "Libyan Civil War: Two warring factions sign 'permanent' ceasefire". The Daily Star. 24 October 2020. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  19. ↑ Britannica Student Encyclopaedia (in Ingiriisi). Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 2014-05-01. ISBN 978-1-62513-172-0.
  20. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF) (in Ingiriisi). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  21. ↑ "World proven crude oil reserves by country, 1980–2004". OPEC. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  22. ↑ Roberts, Peter (2006). HSC Ancient History. Pascal Press. ISBN 9781741251784. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  23. ↑ "Bibliografia della Libia"; Bertarelli, p. 177.
  24. ↑ Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress (1987), "Independent Libya" Archived 21 Maarso 2022 at the Wayback Machine, U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved 14 July 2006.
  25. ↑ "Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: Libya". Geographical Names. Archived from the original on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  26. ↑ "الجماهيرية العربية الليبية الشعبية الاشتراكية: Libya". Geographical Names. Archived from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  27. ↑ "United Nations interoffice memorandum dated 16 September 2011 from Desmond Parker, Chief of Protocol, to Shaaban M. Shaaban, Under-Secretary-General for General Assembly and Conference Management, attaching memorandum from Stadler Trengove, Senior Legal Officer". United Nations. 16 September 2011. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  28. ↑ "ISO 3166-1 Newsletter VI-11: Name change for Libya" (PDF). International Organization for Standardization. 8 November 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  29. ↑ ""State of Libya" in UNTERM (United Nations terminology database)". United Nations. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  1. ↑ Waxaa ku muransan Osama Hammad, oo ah madaxa Dawladda Xasiloonida Qaranka, taas oo loo aqoonsan yahay Golaha Wakiilada inay tahay simaha Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Liibiya
  2. ↑ /ˈlɪbiə/ ⓘ lib-EE-ə; Af Carabi: ليبيا, romanised: Lībiyā, pronounced [liː.bi.jaː], Carabiga Liibiya: [ˈliːb.jæ]. Dhammaan lahjadaha lagaga hadlo Carabiga waxay leeyihiin laba dhawaaq oo kaliya waxaana caadiyan loo dhawaaqaa sidaas.
  3. ↑ Af Carabi: دولة ليبيا, romanised: Dawlat Lībiyā[5][6][1]
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