U bood nuxurka

Marooko

Bedel linkiga
Ka Wikipedia
(Waxaa laga soo toosiyay Morocco)
Boqortooyada Marooko
Calanka Marooko
Calanka
Astaanta ee Marooko
Astaanta
Hal-ku-dheg: ٱللَّٰه، ٱلْوَطَن، ٱلْمَلِك  (Carabi)
"Allāh, al-Waṭan, al-Malik"
"Illaah, Dalka, Boqorka"[1]
Heesta qaranka: ٱلنَّشِيْد ٱلْوَطَنِي  (Carabi)
"an-Našīd al-Waṭanīy"
"Heesta Shariifka"
Goobta ay Marooko ku taal waqooyi-galbeed Afrika
  Dhulka rasmiga ah ee Marooko
  Saxarada Galbeed, oo ah dhul la sheegtay qayb ahaanna ay haysato Marooko
CaasimaddaRabat
34°02′N 6°51′W / 34.033°N 6.850°W / 34.033; -6.850
Magaalada ugu weynCasablanca
33°32′N 7°35′W / 33.533°N 7.583°W / 33.533; -7.583
Luuqadaha rasmiga ah
Luqadaha laguda hadlo
(2024)[2]
Luqadaha qalaad
Qaybaha qowmiyadaha
Eeg Qowmiyadaha
Diinta
(2020)[3][6]
 DadkaMarookaan
DawladdaBoqortooyo dastuuri ah oo isku darsan oo baarlamaan hal deegaan ah[7]
• Boqorka
Maxamed VI
Aziz Akhannouch
Sharci-dejintaBaarlamaanka
• Aqalka sare
Golaha La-tashatayaasha
• Aqalka hoose
Golaha Wakiillada
Aasaaska
788
1040
1121
1244
1472
1510
• Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta (boqortooyada hadda jirta)
1631
30 Maarso 1912
2 Maarso 1956[8]
• Dastuurka hadda jira
29 Luulyo 2011
Bedka
• Wadarta
446,550 km2 (172,410 sq mi)[lower-alpha 2] (57aad)
• Biyo (%)
0.056 (250 km2)
Dadka
• Tiro-koobkii 2024
36,828,330[10]
• Cufnaanta
79.0/km2 (204.6/sq mi)
Wax soo saar (PPP)Qiyaastii 2025 
• Wadarta
Increase $424.870 bilyan[11] (57aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $11,270[11] (122aad)
Wax soo saar (magac ahaan)Qiyaastii 2025 
• Wadarta
Increase $165.840 bilyan[11] (58aad)
• Qofkiiba
Increase $4,440[11] (123aad)
Qaybsiga (2022)40.5[12]
sinnaan la'aan dhexdhexaad ah
Kobaca (2023)0.710[13]
sarreeya (120aad)
LacagtaDirhamka Marooko (MAD)
SaacaddaUTC+0
• Xagaaga (DST)
UTC+1
Koodhka wicitaanka+212
Furaha Internetka

Marooko,[lower-alpha 3] si rasmi ahna loo yaqaanno Boqortooyada Marooko,[lower-alpha 4] waa dal ku yaal gobolka Maghreb ee Waqooyiga Afrika. Waxay xeebo ku leedahay Bada Dhexe dhanka waqooyi iyo Badweynta Atlaantikada dhanka galbeed, waxayna xuduud dhuleed la leedahay Aljeeriya dhanka bari; gobollada yaryar ee Isbaanishka leeyahay ee gudaha ku yaal ee Ceuta, Melilla iyo Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera dhanka waqooyi, kuwaas oo ay sheegato iyada iyo dhowr jasiiradood oo yaryar oo ay Isbayn maamusho;[15] iyo dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee Saxarada Galbeed dhanka koonfureed, kaas oo ay Marooko qayb ahaan haysatay tan iyo 1975. Marooko waxay sidoo kale sheegataa inay xuduud la wadaagto Muritaniya iyada oo soo mareysa dhulka lagu muransan yahay ee Saxarada Galbeed. Waxay leedahay dad tiradoodu qiyaastii tahay 37 milyan. Caasimaddeedu waa Rabat, halka magaalada ugu weenna ay tahay Casablanca.

Gobolka ay Marooko ka kooban tahay waxaa la degganaa tan iyo xilligii Paleolithic, in ka badan 300,000 oo sano ka hor. Boqortooyadii Idirisiyada waxaa aasaasay Idris I sanadkii 788, Marookona waxaa markii dambe xukumay boqortooyooyin kale oo madax-bannaan, iyadoo gaartay meeshii ugu sarreysay ee ay ku lahayd awood gobolka qarniyadii 11aad iyo 12aad, xilligii boqortooyooyinkii Almoravid iyo Almohad, labaduba waxay ahaayeen boqortooyooyin Berber ah, markaas oo ay maamuli jireen inta badan Jasiiradda Iberian iyo Maghreb. Qarniyadii 15aad iyo 16aad, Marooko waxay la kulantay hanjabaado dibadda ah oo ku aaddan madax-bannaanideeda, iyadoo Bortuqiisku uu qabsaday dhulal qaar, Boqortooyadii Cusmaaniyadana ay uga timid dhanka bari. Saldanadihii Marinid iyo Saadi waxay iska caabiyeen xukunkii shisheeye, Marookona waxay ahayd dalka keliya ee Waqooyiga Afrika ee ka badbaaday xukunkii Cusmaaniyiinta. Boqortooyadii Saadi waxay ballaarisay dhulkeeda iyada oo u martay qabsashadii Boqortooyadii Songhai dhammaadkii qarnigii 16aad. Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta, oo dalka xukuma ilaa maantadan la joogo, waxay awoodda la wareegeen 1631, labadii qarni ee ku xigayna waxay ballaariyeen xiriirka dibloomaasiyadeed iyo kan ganacsi ee ay la lahaayeen caalamka reer Galbeedka. Goobta istiraatiijiga ah ee Marooko ee u dhow afka Bada Dhexe waxay soo jiidatay xiisaha Yurub markale. Sanadkii 1912, Faransiiska iyo Isbayn waxay dalka ka aasaaseen maxmiyado waxayna u magacaabeen Tangier inay noqoto aag caalami ah, halka Sultan-ku uu ahaa madax-banaanida rasmiga ah ee leh awood xaddidan oo ka hooseysa xukunka gumeysiga.[16] Ka dib rabshado goos-goos ah iyo kacdoono looga soo horjeeday xukunkii gumeysiga, Marooko waxay dib u heshay xorriyaddeedii waxayna dib u midoobay 1956 iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo Sultan Maxamed V.[17]

Tan iyo xorriyaddii, Marooko waxay ahaan jirtay mid deggeneyd. Waxay leedahay dhaqaalaha shanaad ee ugu weyn Afrika waxayna saameyn weyn ku leedahay Afrika iyo caalamka Carabta labadaba; waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay tahay awood dhexe ee arrimaha caalamka waxayna xubin ka tahay Jaamacadda Carabta, Midowga Maghreb ee Carabta, Midowga Midaysan ee Bada Dhexe, iyo Midowga Afrika.[18] Waa mid ka mid ah dalalka yar ee Afrika ee ku jira meel sare marka loo eego Tusaha Horumarka Aadanaha waana dhaqaalaha warshadaha ee ugu horeeysa Afrika.[19] Marooko waa dawlad midaysan oo semi-boqortooyo dastuuri ah oo leh baarlamaan la doortay. Laanta fulinta waxaa hoggaamiya Boqorka Marooko iyo raysal wasaaraha, halka awoodda sharci-dejinta ay u xilsaaran tahay labada aqal ee baarlamaanka: Golaha Wakiillada iyo Golaha La-tashatayaasha. Awoodda garsoorku waxay ku dhex jirtaa Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ah, oo dib u eegi karta ansaxnimada sharciyada, doorashooyinka, iyo aftida.[20] Boqorku wuxuu leeyahay awoodo fulineed iyo sharci-dejineed oo ballaaran, gaar ahaan ciidanka, siyaasadda dibadda iyo arrimaha diinta; wuxuu soo saari karaa dahirs, kuwaas oo ah wareegtooyin leh awood sharci, wuxuuna sidoo kale kala diri karaa baarlamaanka ka dib marka uu la tashado raysal wasaaraha iyo guddoomiyaha maxkamadda dastuuriga ah. Marooko waxaa loo kala saaraa inay tahay nidaam isku darsan waxayna, laga bilaabo 2025, haysataa darajada ugu sarreysa caalamka Carabta, marka loo eego The Economist Democracy Index.[21] Islaamku waa diinta rasmiga ah ee ugu weyn, iyadoo ku dhowaad dhammaan dadku ay isku aqoonsan yihiin Muslimiin. Af-Carabi iyo Berber waa luqadaha rasmiga ah, in kasta oo lahjada Marooko ee Carabiga (oo gudaha looga yaqaan Darija) si ballaaran loogu hadlo loona tixgeliyo luqadda guud. Dhaqanka Marooko waa isku dhafka dhaqamada Carabta, Berberiga, Yurub (gaar ahaan Andalusian),[22] iyo Afrika.

Marooko waxay sheegataa lahaanshaha dhulka aan ismaamulin ee Saxarada Galbeed, kaas oo ay u magacawday Gobolladeeda Koonfureed. Sanadkii 1975, ka dib markii Isbayn ay ogolaatay inay ka baxdo dhulkaas oo ay xukankiisa u wareejiso Marooko iyo Muritaniya, dagaal dhuumaalaysi ah ayaa ka dhex qarxay awoodahaas iyo qaar ka mid ah dadka deegaanka. Sanadkii 1979, Muritaniya waxay ka tanaasushay sheegashadeeda aaggaas, laakiin dagaalku wuxuu sii waday inuu kordho. Sanadkii 1991, waxaa la gaaray heshiis xabad joojin ah, laakiin arrinta madax-bannaanidu weli wey dhex taallaa. Maanta, Marooko waxay haysataa qiyaastii labo meelood saddex meel dhulkaas,[23] dadaallada lagu xallinayo khilaafkana ilaa hadda wey ku guuldareysteen inay jebiyaan ismari-waaga siyaasadeed.

Asalka iyo magaca

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]

Erayga Ingiriisiga ah ee Morocco waa Ingiriisayn laga keenay magaca Isbaanishka u yaqaan dalka, Marruecos, oo laga soo qaatay magaca magaalada Marrakesh, taas oo ahayd caasimaddii Boqortooyadii Almofaraad, Khaliifadii Almohad, iyo Boqortooyadii Saacadiyiinta.[24] Xilligii boqortooyadii Almofaraad, magaalada Marrakesh waxaa lagu aasaasay magaca Tāmurākušt, oo laga soo qaatay magacii hore ee magaalada ee Berberiga ee ahaa amūr n Yakuš (Template:Literally).[25] Af-Ingiriisiga, shaqalka koowaad waa la beddelay, waxaana u muuqata in uu saameeyay erayga "Moor."[26]

Magaca rasmiga ah ee Marooko ee Carabiga casriga ah waa al-Maghrib (المغرب, transl. dhulkii qorrax dhaca; galbeedka), iyadoo magaca rasmiga ah ee Boqortooyada ee Carabiga uu yahay al-Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah (المملكة المغربية; transl. boqortooyadii qorrax dhaca; boqortooyada galbeed).[27][28][29] [30]

Taariikh ahaan, Marooko waxay qayb ka ahayd waxa juqraafiyaystayaashii Muslimiinta ay ugu yeeri jireen af-Carabi al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā  [ar] (المغرب الأقصى, 'Galbeedka ugu fog [ee caalamka Islaamka]' kaas oo qeexaya qiyaastii aagga u dhexeeya Tiaret ilaa Badweynta Atlaantikada) taas oo ka duwan gobollada deriska la ah ee al-Maghrib al-Awsaṭ  [ar] (المغرب الأوسط, 'Galbeedka Dhexe': Tripoli ilaa Béjaïa) iyo al-Maghrib al-Adnā  [ar] (المغرب الأدنى, 'Galbeedka ugu dhow': Alexandria ilaa Tripoli).

Turkiga, Marooko waxaa loo yaqaanaa Fas, magacaas oo laga soo qaatay caasimaddeedii qarniyadii dhexe ee Fes (فاس).[31][32] Qaybaha kale ee caalamka Islaamka, tusaale ahaan suugaanta Carabiga ee Masaarida iyo Bariga Dhexe ka hor bartamihii qarnigii 20-aad, Marooko waxaa caadi ahaan loogu yeeri jiray Murrakush (مراكش).[33] Eraygan waxaa weli loo isticmaalaa in lagu tixraaco Marooko maanta dhowr luqadood oo Indo-Iraani ah, oo ay ku jiraan Faarisiga, Urdu, iyo Bunjaabiga.[34]

Marooko waxaa kale oo siyaasad ahaan loogu yeeri jiray ereyo kala duwan oo muujinaya hiddaha Shariifka ee Boqortooyadii Calawiyiinta, sida al-Mamlakah ash-Sharīfah (المملكة الشريفة), al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah (الإيالة الشريفة) iyo al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah (الإمبراطورية الشريفة), kuwaas oo loo turjumay af-Faransiis ahaan l'Empire chérifien iyo af-Ingiriis ahaan 'Sharifian Empire'.[35] Laskier, Michael M. (1 September 2019). "Prelude to Colonialism: Moroccan Muslims and Jews through Western Lenses, 1860–1912". European Judaism (in Ingiriisi). 52 (2): 111–128. doi:10.3167/ej.2019.520209. ISSN 0014-3006. S2CID 203553804. Archived from the original on 5 November 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.</ref>

Tixraacyo

[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]
  1. ↑ "Constitution of Morocco". ConstituteProject.org (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 2024-03-11.
  2. ↑ Gauthier, Christophe. "كلمة افتتاحية للسيد المندوب السامي للتخطيط بمناسبة الندوة الصحفية الخاصة بتقديم معطيات الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى 2024". hcp.ma (in Faransiis). Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc. Retrieved 2024-12-23.
  3. 1 2 "Morocco". The World Factbook. US: Central Intelligence Agency. 12 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  4. ↑ "Présentation du Maroc". diplomatie.gouv.fr (in Faransiis). Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  5. ↑ Hyde, Martin (October 1994). "The teaching of English in Morocco: the place of culture". ELT Journal. 48 (4): 295–305. doi:10.1093/elt/48.4.295. ISSN 0951-0893.
  6. ↑ "Regional Profiles: Morocco". thearda.com. World Religion Database, The Association of Religion Data Archives. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  7. ↑ Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco (in Ingiriisi). Translated by Jefri J. Ruchti. Getzville: William S. Hein & Co. 2012. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 6 October 2022. Markii ugu horreysay ee lagu daabacay Warsidaha Rasmiga ah 30 Luulyo 2011.
  8. ↑ "Ce jour-là : le 18 novembre 1955 à Rabat, Mohammed V annonce la fin du protectorat français sur le Maroc". JeuneAfrique.com (in Faransiis). Retrieved 2026-02-16.
  9. ↑ Trinidad, Jamie (2012). "An Evaluation of Morocco's Claims to Spain's Remaining Territories in Africa". The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 61 (4): 961–975. doi:10.1017/S0020589312000371. ISSN 0020-5893. JSTOR 23279813.
  10. ↑ "Recensement général de la population et de l'habitat (RGPH 2024)". hcp.ma (in Faransiis). Haut Commissariat au Plan. 22 November 2024. Retrieved 11 December 2024.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (in Ingiriisi).
  12. ↑ "Inégalité sociale | Site institutionnel du Haut-Commissariat au Plan du Royaume du Maroc". www.hcp.ma. Retrieved 2026-03-31.
  13. ↑ "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF). undp.org (in Ingiriisi). United Nations Development Programme. 6 May 2025. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 6 May 2025.
  14. ↑ ⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍ幕ⵖⵔⵉⴱ [Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco] (PDF) (in Morokaanka Tamasayt Rasmiga). Translated by Ladimat, Mohammed. Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture. 2021. ISBN 978-9920-739-39-9 – via ircam.ma.
  15. ↑ "Ceuta, Melilla profile". bbc.com (in Ingiriis Biritish). BBC News. 2018. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  16. ↑ "Historical Documents - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  17. ↑ "Muḥammad V". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2026-02-22.
  18. ↑ Balfour, Rosa (March 2009). "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean". Mediterranean Politics. 14 (1): 99–105. doi:10.1080/13629390902747491. ISSN 1362-9395.
  19. ↑ Adeyemi, Segun (2026-05-27). "Morocco knocks South Africa off top spot as Africa's leading industrial economy". Business Insider Africa (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 2026-05-28.
  20. ↑ "Morocco: Remove Obstacles to Access to the Constitutional Court" (PDF). icj.org. International Commission of Jurists. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 July 2021.
  21. ↑ "Democracy Index 2025". Economist Intelligence Unit (in Ingiriis Biritish). Archived from the original on 2026-04-28. Retrieved 2026-05-21.
  22. ↑ David A. Wacks; Colonial al-Andalus: Spain and the Making of Modern Moroccan Culture. Comparative Literature 1 December 2020; 72 (4): 460-462. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8537775
  23. ↑ Hernández, M. Padrón (January 2, 2025). "'The Moroccan king wants Western Sahara without its people': an argument for Western Sahara as a settler colony". Settler Colonial Studies (in Ingiriisi). 15 (1): 126–143. doi:10.1080/2201473X.2025.2456386. ISSN 2201-473X.
  24. ↑ "Country names". The CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  25. ↑ Ghouirgate, Mehdi (2020-02-27), "Chapitre VIII. Le calife en son palais: maintenir son rang", L'Ordre almohade (1120–1269): Une nouvelle lecture anthropologique, Tempus (in Faransiis), Toulouse: Presses universitaires du Midi, pp. 357–402, ISBN 978-2-8107-0867-3, archived from the original on 2 October 2023, retrieved 2023-12-09
  26. ↑ Hareir, Idris El; Mbaye, Ravane (1 January 2011). The Spread of Islam Throughout the World (in Ingiriisi). UNESCO. ISBN 978-92-3-104153-2.
  27. ↑ "Maghreb, en arabe Maghrib ou Marhrib (" le Couchant ")". Encyclopédie Larousse (in Faransiis). Archived from the original on 22 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  28. ↑ Abun-Nasr, Jamil M., ed. (1987), "Introduction", A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–25, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511608100.003, ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0, archived from the original on 16 June 2018, retrieved 2023-12-09
  29. ↑ "Maghreb". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  30. ↑ "morocco | Etymology of morocco by etymonline". www.etymonline.com (in Ingiriisi). Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  31. ↑ Dumper, Michael R. T.; Stanley, Bruce E., eds. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  32. ↑ Bressolette, Henri (2016). "Fondation de Fès El Bali par Idriss Ier et Idriss II". A la découverte de Fès. L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-343-09022-1. Archived from the original on 20 July 2023. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  33. ↑ Gershovich, Moshe (12 October 2012). French Military Rule in Morocco. doi:10.4324/9780203044988. ISBN 978-0-203-04498-8.
  34. ↑ "مراکش - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس" [Morocco]. abadis.ir (in Faarisi). Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
  35. ↑ ملين, نبيل (2017). فكرة الدستور في المغرب: وثائق ونصوص (19012011) (in Carabi). Tīl Kīl Mīdiyā. ISBN 978-9954-28-764-4. OCLC 994641823.
  1. ↑ Luqadda Faransiiska ee Marooko waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dukumentiyada rasmiga ah ee dawladda iyo bulshada ganacsiga, in kasta oo aysan lahayn xaalad rasmi ah: "Faransiis (inta badan luqadda ganacsiga, dawladda, iyo dibloomaasiyadda)..."[3][4]
  2. ↑ Bedka dhan 446,300 km2 (172,300 sq mi) kama mid aha dhulalka lagu muransan yahay, halka 716,550 km2 (276,660 sq mi) ay ku jiraan dhulalka ay Marooko sheegato ee ay qayb ahaanna maamusho ee Saxarada Galbeed (oo ay u sheegato sidii Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic jabhadda Polisario Front). Marooko waxay sidoo kale sheegataa Ceuta iyo Melilla, kuwaas oo ka dhigan qiyaastii 22.8 km2 (8.8 sq mi) oo dhul dheeri ah oo la sheegtay.[9]
  3. ↑ /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ⓘ
    • Af Carabi: المغرب, romanised: al-Maghrib, lit. 'halka ay qorraxdu u dhacdo; galbeedka' [ælˈmaɣrɪb] ⓘ
    • Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵍ幕ⵖⵔⵉⴱ, romanised: Lmeɣrib
    • Af Faransiis: Maroc, IPA: [maʁɔk]
  4. ↑
    • Af Carabi: المملكة المغربية, romanised: al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah, lit. 'boqortooyada Galbeed'
    • Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, romanised: Tageldit n Lmeɣrib[14]
    • Af Faransiis: Royaume du Maroc
Cillad tixraac: Calaamadaha <ref> ayaa jira koox la magacaabay "lower-alpha", laakiin lama helin calaamadda u dhiganta. <references group="lower-alpha"/>.
Waxaa laga keenay "https://so.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marooko&oldid=300608"