Fole
Fole i xiphepherhele lexi phutseriweke hi phepha xa fole leri tsemiweke kahle leri tirhisiwaka ku dzaha fole. Ti sungule hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-16 loko vakomberi va le Seville, eSpain, va sungule ku tsemelela swiphepherhele swa fole leswi lahliweke ivi va swi peta swi va swiphemu swa maphepha. Vuhumelerisi byo tala byi sungule hi muchini wa Bonsack hi 1880, leswi endleke leswaku ku tirhisiwa ngopfu hi lembe-xidzana ra vu-20. Fole ri ni nicotine, ku nga xihlohloteri lexi endlaka leswaku munhu a godzomberiwa, swin’we ni tikhemikhali leti nga ni khombo to tanihi xikontiri ni khaboni-monokisayidi. Ku dzaha fole swi fambisana ni makhombo lamakulu ya rihanyo, ku katsa ni khensa ya mahahu, vuvabyi bya mbilu ni ku fa ka misiha. Hikwalaho ka makhombo lawa ya rihanyo, matiko yo tala ma tirhise magoza yo sivela ku dzaha fole, yo tanihi ku yirisiwa ka swinavetiso ni ku yirisiwa ka ku dzaha fole etindhawini ta mani na mani.
Fole ngopfu-ngopfu ri vumbiwa hi matluka ya fole lama swekiweke ni maphepha ya fole. Handle ka fole ni maphepha, vaendli va chela swilo swo hambana-hambana leswaku va hlayisa vutomi bya xelufu, va cinca swivumbeko leswi hisaka, va lawula ndzhongho, va sivela ku tshoveka ka switsotswana, va hunguta ku hlundzuka loku vangiwaka hi nicotine ni ku engetela nantswo ni nun’hwelo. Ku hisa swiengeteri leswi swi endla tikhemikhali to tlula 4 000. Swilo leswikulu leswi endlaka musi wa fole i nicotine, tar, carbon dioxide na carbon monoxide.
Musi wa fole wu ni tikhemikhali to tlula 4 000 leti vumbiwaka loko fole ni swiengeteri swi hisa. Swiphemu leswikulu swi katsa nicotine, xikontiri, khaboni-dayokisayidi ni khaboni-monokisayidi. Tikhemikhali to tala leti nga eka musi wa fole ti ni chefu swinene, ku katsa ni swilo leswi vangaka khensa swo tanihi benzene, formaldehyde na acetaldehyde. Nicotine ya godzombela, kasi khaboni-monokisayidi yi hunguta okisijini engatini, yi karhata fambiselo ra misiha ya mbilu.