iRandi

iRandi (isifinyezo: ZAR, uphawu: R) iyinhlobo yemali esemthethweni yaseNingizimu Afrika. iRandi iyamkelwa ukuthenga impahla emazweni amathathu angamalunga woBumbano waseNingizimu ye-Afrika yezoHwebo: iNamibhiya, eSwazini nasoSuthu. Izinhlobo zemali zalamazwe zingashintshiselwa kumaRandi ngokufana ngoba ngokomthetho ziyalingana. Nakuba iButswana iyilunga lalenhlangano, inhlobo yemali yalesosizwe, iPula, ayilingani neRandi. iBhange-ngodla laseNingizimu Afrika yilona lodwa ibhange eNingizimu Afrika eligunyazwe ukukhipha izinhlamvu zemali kanye namaphepha emali.

Umlando

Emandulo

Endulo, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bebasebenzisa izinhlobo zemali ezahlukene, isib.: izinkomo, nobuhlali. Kaningi uhwebo bebuhlanganisa ukushintahisana kwempahla kanye nokuthenga nenhlobo yemali ethile. Izinhlobo zemali zomdabu , njengezinkomo kanye nobuhlali, zasetshenziswa ukugcina ingcebo — kungakho umnotho womuntu wowubonakala ngezinkomo nezinye izinhlobo zemali ezahlukene. Izizwe ezahlukene zaseNingizimu Afrika zazingamkeli izinhlobo zonke zemali ezazisetshenziswa izizwe ezahlukene. Kwezinye izindawo inhlobo yemali ethile yayivele ngenxa yomkhuba noma ukujwayela.

Kodwa, kwezinye izizwe, inhlobo yemali ethile yayigunyazwe ngumbusi noma inkosi yaleyondawo ukulamula imishintshisano ngaphakathi kwaleyondawo. Kwezinye izindawo, inxenye yomholo yomuzi (njengemfuyo, izintshalo, noma impahla) yayifunwa isibonda sendawo noma inkosi yesizwe ukukhokhela intelo nokufezekisa inhlalanhle ezweni. Ngenxa yohwebo namazwe aseMpumalanga Afrika naseMpakathi-Mpumalanga, isizwe saseMapungubwe sasisebenzisa imali yezinhlobo zensimbi ezahlukene njengegolide, ithusi, nomthofu. Iningi lezizwe zaseNingizimu Afrika zazinganawo uhlelo lokulawulo imali ehlelwe ngumbuso. Futhi, kwakunezigqinamba ekusetshenzisweni kwemali ngoba yayingahlukaniseki kalula.

Ukufika kwabaseNetherlands

Kusukela ikhulu le-15, amaPotogesi wafika eNingizimu Afrika. Nakuba wayehweba nabantu baseNingizimu Afrika, inhlobo yemali yabo esebenzisa izinhlamvu zegolide. Ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile kwemali yesimanje, kuqale ngokufika kwabaseNetherlands. uJohane van Riebeeck wayethunywe yiNkampani eBumbeni yeziNdiya zaseMpumalanga ukusungula indawo eKapa lapho imikhumbi eqonde e-Eshiya ingaphumula khona ngaphambu ukuthi iqhubeke onkambeni wayo oqonde empuma. uJohane van Riebeeck ufike kanye nethimba lakhe ngo-1652 e-Ningizimu Afrika. Ngokufika kwabo iGuilder yaseNetherlands yayiyinhlobo yemali yokuqala yesimanje eyasetshenziswa eNingizimu Afrika.

Lemali yayizinhlamvu zemali eziqanjwe ngomthofu, igolide nesiliva Ngokuba abahwebi bamazwe bebafika eKapa, kwasekungena amadoubloon, amajohana, namadola aseSpaniya, amasequin aseVeneziya, kanye namarupee namamohur aseNdiya. Ngo-1782 kwakekushucilelwa imali yephepha yokuqala eNingizimu Afrika, eyayibhalwe ngesandla futhi yayinophawu lwohulumeni ukuyigunyaza njengemalo ethembekile, evumelekile ukusetshenziselwa ukukhokha intelo nokuthenga impahla. Lemali yayibizwa irijksdaalder negulden.

Ukufika kwabaseBhulithani nomfuduko wamaBhunu

iNhlamvu yemali eyasetshenziswa yiNetherlands ebizwa irijksdaalder

Ngokuba iNetherlands iwele kumaFulenshi emuva kwezimpi zikaNapoleon, iNgilandi ihlasele futhi izithathele iKapa ngo-1814. Lokho kuholele ekutheni amaBhunu, izigqili nenzalo yazo ezaziqhamuka eShiya, eAfrika futhi nabondabu njengabaThwa, awele ngaphansi koMbusokazi wamaBhulithani. Izigqili ezakhululwa, inzalo yazo kanye namaQheye (igama lesiXhosa elichaza abantu abazalwe ngabelungu nabomdabu) abangamaKristu basungule iGriquatown. Ngosizo lweLondon Missionary Society babengabomdabu bokuqala ukuziqambela izinhlamvu zemali zensimbi eyigugu ngokuqhasha inkampani yaseJalimani.

Kuthathe isikhashana ukuthi iPondo sithelingi laseBhulithani lisetshenziswe esikhaleni samarijksdaalder kanye nama nemali yejuba yaseGriqualand ngoba umbuso waseBhulithani wawunganayo amaPondo anele ukukhokhele amajoni. Ngakho ke, yaqhubeka ukusebenzisa amarijksdaalder namagulden kufikela 1841. Kulesikhathi kwakuvumelekile ukuthi amabhange akhiphe imali yephepha yawo — isib.: iBhange yase-Cape of Good Hope ikhiphe amaphepha weshilling (isilinganiso esihlukanisa ipondo elilodwa ngezinxenye ezi-12) kusukela izi-1830.

Ngenxa yokuthi amaBhunu wayengafuni ukuthobela imithetho yamaBhulithani kakhulu mayelana ukuphoqelelwa kokukhulunywa kwesiNgisi, ukuphikisana mayelana isithunzi namalungelo wesonto leNederlandse Gereformeerde Kerk, nokukhuluwa kwezigqili, kanye nokulangazelela ukuba nezwe labo elizimele, amaBhunu wafudukela enyakatho. Lokho kuholele ezimpini nabantu bomdabu. Ngenxa yezikhali ezifana nezibhamu nemibhayimbayi nangokuthi amazwe womdabu wayentenge ngoba kwakuneMfecane (izimpi nezomiso eziholele ekutheni abantu abaningi babaleke izindawo bebahlala kuzo), amaBhunu agcine esungule amazwe ambalwa. Amanye, njengeNataliya wayenqotshwe yiBhulithani kepha amanye akwazile ukuzimela — amabili wayesele: iRiphabuliki Ningizimu Afrika kanye ne-Orange Fuleyistati.

Amazwe wamaBhunu

iPhepha lemali eyasetshenziswa eRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika (iTransvaal)

Amahulumeni awo akhiphe izinhlobo zemali zazo. iBurgers Pond yayiyinhlobo yemali yephepha yokuqala ukushicilelwa eNingizimu Afrika eyayingakhishwanga ngumbuso waseYurophu. Kodwa abomdabu bebaqhubeka ukusebenzisa imali yomdabu kanye nemali entsha yobuYurophu. iNkampani yaseJalimani eyayiqambele amaGriqua imali izame ukuqambela i-Orange Fuleystati. Iqambe imiklamo ukuheha i-Orange Fuleyistati kodwa lezwe ligcina lingakhiphanga imali yayo — iqhubeke ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zenali ezazikhona kuyelondawo ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwayo.

Ngenxa yezimpi namaSuthu, kwehle ukuthembeka kwemali yangaphandle. Kanjalo nakuba umbuso waseBhulithani wesele iBhange yaseBloemfontein ngokuyiboleka amapondo ayi-30,000, abahwebi base-Orange Fuleyistati bebangamkeli izinhlobo zemali ezazibizwa ama-blue back (umhlane luhlaza lwebhakabhaka) ezazibolekiswe ngamaBhulithani. iRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika yayibhekane nezinkinga zayo ngenxa yokuba imali yayintenge noma ingathembeki ngenxa yokuthi imali yephepha yayingaxhaswanga insimbi eyigugu ekwanele. Kepha, nakuba kunjalo, ukutholakalwa kwegolide eGoli ngaseMpumalanga ngo1884 kuholele ekutheni iRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika ikwazi ukukhipha izinhlamvu zemali zensimbi eyigugu. Ngokuba ukuguba kwegolide kwakudinga intshalo yemali eyayinganelanga eRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika, izinkampani zaseBhulithani zatshala imali ukuguba igolide nobucwebe obuyigugu njengamadayimane. Izinhlamvu zemali ezazibizwa amapondo kaBurger zaziqanjwe eNgilandi. Ngo-1887, isishayamthetho esasibizwa iVolksraad, sinqume ukuqanjwa kezinhlamvu zemali ezinsha ezazinomfanekiso kaMengameli uPawuli Kruger.

Ngenxa yokuhlulwa empini ngamaPedi kanye nezinye izinkinga ezomnotho, iRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika ne-Orange Fuleyistati zabantenge kwezempi. Kakhulu enkathini yempi yesibili yamaBhunu namaNgisi, kwakukhiswa izinhlobo zemali ezaphuthumayo njengezinhlamvu zegolide eyayitholakala emifuleni ezayibizwa iveldpold (ipondo lasehlathini). Emva kwezimpi ezimbili neBhulithani iRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika ne-Orange Fuleyistati ziwele ezandleni yamaBhulithani.

iNingizimu Afrika emaKhulwini wama-20 nama-21

iPhepha lemali lePondo ekuqaleni kwoBumbano eyakhishwa ngo-1922

Ngo-1910, iPhalamende yoMbuso oHlangeneyo ushaye umthetho ukusungula uBumbano waseNingizimu Afrika ngokuhlanganisa amakoloni aseCape of Good Hope, iNatal, iTransvaal (eyayibizwa iRiphabhuliki Ningizimu Afrika) kanye ne-Orange Fuleyistati. Kanjalo, uMbuso oHlangeneyo ukwazile ukuletha inhlobo yemali eyodwa esemthethweni: iPondo yaseNingizimu Afrika. Lemali yayeselwe yigolide. Ngo-1920, kwasungulwa iBhange-ngodla yaseNingizimu Afrika yalendelwa ngo-1922 ngeMinti yaseNingizimu Afrika. Lezizikhungo zazigunyazwe ukukhiqiza imali yephepha neyezinhlamvu zensimbi, ngokulandelana. Ngenxa yezindleko yeMpi Yokuqala Yomhlaba, iBhulithani yayiphoqiwe ukulaxaza uhlelo lokulinganisa imali negolide. Futhi lesisimo sasenzwa ukuthi sibebucayi kakhulu ngenxa yokuDangala okuKhulu ngo1932. Kodwa, ngokuba iNingizimu Afrika yayingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wegolide, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika unqabile ukulaxaza ukulinganiswa kwemali negolide. Izinhlamvu zaseNingizimu Afrika zazinomfanekiso yeNgonyama yoMbuso oHlangeneyo, uGeorge III, kodwa imali yephepha yayinomfanekiso kaJohane van Riebeeck. Ngo-1931, igama lesiNetherlands seNingizimu Afrika sika-Zuid Afrika sisusiwe; kwafakiwa igama lesiBhunu lika-Suid Afrika ezinhlamvini zemali.

amaPhepha nezimhlavu zeRandi ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo enkathini yeRiphabhuliki

iPhepha lemali lepondo elilodwa elinomfanekiso kaJohane van Ribeeck elakhishwa ngo-1958

Ngo-1960, uBumbano waseNingizimu Afrika uphenduke iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika. iGama yemali yapheduk iRandi ngo-1961. Ngaleyonyaka, kukhishwe izinhlamvu namaphepha emali ebhalwe “Rand” ngesiNgisi nesiBhunu. iRandi yayihlukile kwiPondo ngoba yayihlukaniswe ngezinxenye eziyikhulu (amasente). iPondo yayinezinxenye eziyishumi nambili ezazibizwa iShilling kanye nezinxenye eziyikhulu namashumi amabili ezazibizwa iPence. AmaRandi wayengashintshiselwa ngenani ethile yamaPondo. Lokho kuholele ekutheni amagama ezihlamvu zeRandi zibenamagama athile angekho emthethweni ewayesetshenziswa ngabantu ngokujwayelekile kakhulu emakhaya nasemanxulumeni wabansundu enkathini yobuso wobandlululo. Izinhlamvu zesente elilodwa noma amasente amabili zazibizwa itiki igama elisuka ku-tickey (igama lenhlamvu yamapence amathathu). Inhlamvu yamasente amahlanu yayibizwa izuka. Inhlamvu yamasente ayishumi yayibizwa i-one Bob, angamashumi amabili yayibibizwa i-two Bob, futhi angamashumi amahlanu yayibizwa i-five Bob (igama elalivela eBhulithani). NgesiZulu nolimi lwasemalokishini lalibizwa ishumi noma ishelengi ngenxa ye-shilling eyayinamapence ayishumi. Inhlamvu yamaRandi amabili yayibizwa iPondo ngoba ngalesikhathi amaRandi amabili wayelingana nePondo elilodwa.

Kwakunamaphepha emali wamaRandi ayi-5, 10, 20, kanye nangama-50. Ngo-1990, umfanekiso kaJohane van Riebeeck wasuswa kwafakiwa imifanekiso yezilo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zase-Afrika — indlovu, ubhejane, imbube, inyathi kanye nengwe emaphepheni wamaRandi ayi-10, 20, 50, 100 nama-200, ngokulandelana. Iphepha yemali lamaRandi ayi-5 iphenduke inhlamvu. Kwakhishwe iphepha elisha le-200. Izithombe zezilo zaqhubeke ephambili kwephepha yemali kufikela ngo-2012. Kusukela lenyaka, ngaphambili kwafakwa isithombe sikaNelson Mandela, uMengameli wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika okhethwe ngentandoyeningi. Izilo zasezimikiswa ngasemuva kwemali.

Imali yephepha

Isigaba sokuqala

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sokuqala (1961))^[1]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[2]	iRandi elilodwa	Jan van Riebeeck	Lion from coat of arms	kuNsundu	IsiBhunu/IsiNgisi, IsiNgisi/IsiBhunu	136×78
^[3]	amaRandi ama-2		Lion from coat of arms	kusaBhakabhaka		149×84
^[4]	amaRandi ayi-10		Imkhumbi kaJohane van Riebeck	kuHlaza		170×96
^[5]	amaRandi angama-20		Umgodi wegolide	kusabuKhwebazane		176×103

Isigaba sesibili

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sesibili (1966))^[1]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[6]	iRandi elilodwa	Jan van Riebeeck nesiqalaba	Ezolimo	kuNsundu	IsiBhunu/IsiNgisi, IsiNgisi/IsiBhunu	128×64
	amaRandi ama-2	Jan van Riebeeck, Umklamo wezakhiwo wesi-Cape Dutch, isivini	iDamu le-Gariep, umbila, umbosho wombane	kusaBhakabhaka		127×63
^[7]	amaRandi ayi-5	Jan van Riebeeck, isakhiwo senkumbuzo semfuduko yamaBhunu, imfuduko yamaBhunu	Ukumba/ukuvukuza	kusabuKhwebazane		134×70
^[8]	amaRandi ayi-10	Jan van Riebeeck, izakhiwo zoBumbano	Imikhumbi emithathu kaJohane van Riebeeck	kuHlaza		140×76

Isigaba sesithathu

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (1978 Third Issue)^[1]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[9]	amaRandi ama-2	Jan van Riebeeck kanye nembosho yombane	Isikhungo sokukhiqiza umbane	kusaBhakabhaka	IsiBhunu and IsiNgisi	120×57
^[10]	amaRandi ayi-5	Jan van Riebeeck namadayimane	Ukumba/ukuvukuza nenkaba yaseGoli	kusabuKhwebazane		127×63
^[11]	amaRandi ayi-10	Jan van Riebeeck nesiQalaba	Ezolimo	kuHlaza		133×70
^[12]	amaRandi angama-20	Jan van Riebeeck, umklamo wezakhiwo wesi-Cape Dutch nesivini	Imikhumbi entathu kaJohane van Riebeeck nesiphandla sakudala saseNingizimu Afrika	kuNsundu		140×77
^[13]	amaRandi angama-50	Jan van Riebeeck nebhubesi	Izilo nezintshalo	kuBomvu		147×83

Isigaba sesine

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sesine seZilo eziNkulu eziHlanu (1992))^[1]^[14]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[15]	amaRandi ayi-10	uBhejane	Ezolimo	kuHlaza	IsiBhunu and IsiNgisi	128×70
^[16]	amaRandi angama-20	Indlovu	Ukumba/ukuvukuza	kuNsundu	IsiNgisi and IsiBhunu	134×70
^[17]	amaRandi angama-50	Ibhubesi	Umkhiqizo wempahla	kuBomvu	IsiBhunu and IsiNgisi	140×70
^[18]	amaRandi ayi-100	iNyathi yase-Afrikaes	Tourism	kusaBhakabhaka	IsiNgisi and IsiBhunu	146×70
^[19]	amaRandi angama-200	iNgwe	Ezentutho nezokuxhumana	kusaWolintshi	IsiBhunu and IsiNgisi	152×70

Isigaba sesihlanu

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sesihlanu seZilo eziNkulu eziHlanu kanye nesiNgisi nezinye Izilimi eziseMthethweni (2005))^[1]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[20]	amaRandi ayi-10	uBhejane	Ezolimo	kuHlaza	IsiNgisi, IsiBhunu, IsiSwazi	128×70
^[21]	amaRandi angama-20	Indlovu	Ukumba/ukuvukuza	kuNsundu	IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele saseNingizimu, isiTswana	134×70
^[22]	amaRandi angama-50	Ibhubesi	Umkhiqizo wempahla	kuBomvu	IsiNgisi, IsiVenda, IsiXhosa	140×70
^[23]	amaRandi ayi-100	iNyathi yase-Afrikaes	Tourism	kusaBhakabhaka	IsiNgisi, IsiSuthu sasenyakatho, IsiTsonga	146×70
^[24]	amaRandi angama-200	iNgwe	Ezentutho nezokuxhumana	kusaWolintshi	IsiNgisi,IsiSuthu, IsiZulu	152×70

Sixth series

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sesithupha sikaNelson Mandela (2012))^[1]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[25]	amaRandi ayi-10	Nelson Mandela	uBhejane	kuHlaza	IsiNgisi, IsiBhunu, IsiSwazi	128×70
^[26]	amaRandi angama-20		Indlovu	kuNsundu	IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele saseNingizimu, isiTswana	134×70
^[27]	amaRandi angama-50		Ibhubesi	kuBomvu	IsiNgisi, IsiVenda, IsiXhosa	140×70
^[28]	amaRandi ayi-100		iNyathi yase-Afrika	kusaBhakabhaka	IsiNgisi, IsiSuthu sasenyakatho, IsiTsonga	146×70
^[29]	amaRandi angama-200		iNgwe	kusaWolintshi	IsiNgisi,IsiSuthu, IsiZulu	152×70

Isigaba sesikhombisa

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sesikhombisa esiguba ikhulu kusukela ukuzalwa kukaNelson Mandela (2018))
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
^[30]	amaRandi ayi-10	Nelson Mandela	uMandela esamusha nenxuluma ezalwe khona eMvezo	kuHlaza	IsiNgisi, IsiBhunu, IsiSwazi	128×70
^[31]	amaRandi angama-20		uMandela esamusha and his home in Soweto	kuNsundu	IsiNgisi, IsiNdebele saseNingizimu, isiTswana	134×70
^[32]	amaRandi angama-50		uMandela esamusha nesizinda eboshwe khona eMngeni	kuBomvu	IsiNgisi, IsiVenda, IsiXhosa	140×70
^[33]	amaRandi ayi-100		uMandela esamusha naseboshweni esiqhingini samaRobben	kusaBhakabhaka	IsiNgisi, IsiSuthu sasenyakatho, IsiTsonga	146×70
^[34]	amaRandi angama-200		uMandela esamusha nomfanekiso wetshe eZakhiweni zoBumbano	kusaWolintshi	IsiNgisi,IsiSuthu, IsiZulu	152×70

Isigaba sesishiyagalombili

Imali yamaphepha yaseNingizimu Afrika (Isigaba sesishiyagalombili semndeni yeZilo eziNkulu eziHlanu)^[35]
isiThombe	iNani	ngaPhambili	ngaseMuva	uBala	uLwimi	ubuKhulu (ngama-mm)
	amaRandi ayi-10	Nelson Mandela	uBhejane	kuHlaza	IsiNgisi, IsiBhunu, IsiSwazi	128×70
	amaRandi angama-20		Indlovu	kuNsundu	IsiNgisi, isiTswana, isiNdebele saseNingizimu	134×70
	amaRandi angama-50		Ibhubesi	kusabuKhwebazane	IsiNgisi, IsiXhosa, IsiVenda	140×70
	amaRandi ayi-100		iNyathi yase-Afrika	kusaBhakabhaka	IsiNgisi, IsiSuthu sasenyakatho, IsiTsonga	146×70
	amaRandi angama-200		iNgwe	kusaWolintshi	IsiNgisi, IsiZulu,IsiSuthu	152×70

Izincwadi ezafundwa

uFeingold, E., uFourie, J., & uGardner, L. (2021). A tale of paper and gold: The material history of money in South Africa. Economic History of Developing Regions, 36(2), 264–281.

Amaphatho

[wirz-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wirz, Heinz. Dr Heinz Wirz on the Bank Notes of South Africa. Volume II - The South African rand (7th ed.).

[2] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 1 Rand banknote 1965 Jan van Riebeeck".

[3] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 2 Rand banknote 1965 Jan van Riebeeck".

[4] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 10 Rand banknote 1961 Jan van Riebeeck".

[5] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 20 Rand banknote 1962 Jan van Riebeeck".

[6] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 1 Rand banknote 1967 Jan van Riebeeck".

[7] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 5 Rand banknote 1967 Jan van Riebeeck".

[8] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 10 Rand banknote 1967 Jan van Riebeeck".

[9] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 2 Rand banknote 1978 Jan van Riebeeck".

[10] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 5 Rand banknote 1978 Jan van Riebeeck".

[11] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 10 Rand banknote 1978 Jan van Riebeeck".

[12] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 20 Rand banknote 1990 Jan van Riebeeck".

[13] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 50 Rand banknote 1984 Jan van Riebeeck".

[14] "Banknotes". Where's My Moola. Archived from the original on 1 October 2019. Kulandwe ngomhlaka 2012-11-19. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[15] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 10 Rand banknote 1999 White Rhinoceros".

[16] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 20 Rand banknote 1993 African Savanna Elephant".

[17] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 50 Rand banknote 1992 Transvaal Lion".

[18] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 100 Rand banknote 1999 Cape Buffalo".

[19] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 200 Rand banknote 1994 African leopard".

[20] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 10 Rand banknote 2005 White Rhino".

[21] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 20 Rand banknote 2005 African Bush Elephant".

[22] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 50 Rand banknote 2005 Transvaal Lion".

[23] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 100 Rand banknote 2005 African Buffalo".

[24] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 200 Rand banknote 2005 African Leopard".

[25] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 10 Rand banknote 2012 President Nelson Mandela".

[26] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 20 Rand banknote 2012 President Nelson Mandela".

[27] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 50 Rand banknote 2012 President Nelson Mandela".

[28] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 100 Rand banknote 2012 President Nelson Mandela".

[29] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 200 Rand banknote 2013 President Nelson Mandela".

[30] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 10 Rand Commemorative banknote 2018 Nelson Mandela Centenary".

[31] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 20 Rand Commemorative banknote 2018 Nelson Mandela Centenary".

[32] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 50 Rand Commemorative banknote 2018 Nelson Mandela Centenary".

[33] "My Currency Collection: South Africa Currency 100 Rand Commemorative banknote 2018 Nelson Mandela Centenary".

[34] "My Currency Collection: South African Currency 200 Rand Commemorative banknote 2018 Nelson Mandela Centenary".

[35] "Banknotes". South African Reserve Bank – via www.resbank.co.za.

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